Literature Review On Tempromandibular Joint

A joint is a junction of two or more bones and is commonly referred to as an articulation.Without joint in the body no movement will be possible.There are three types of joints immovable/fibrous where no movements are possible(example- cranium).Slightly movable/cartilaginous joint is a joint

The temporomandibular joint involves the condylar head which moves along the petrous part of temporal bone that makes up the mandibular/glenoid fossa. These condyles move the

during these movements, the angles of those joints, as well as the muscles involved during the

Mandibular fractures are among the most common facial injuries and account for 23–97% of all facial fractures dependent on the survey. The principal fracture areas are located in the condylar neck, the symphysis and the body or the angle of the mandible [1]. Miniplate osteosynthesis has become one of the important fixation method in maxillofacial and craniofacial surgery. Miniplate osteosynthesis is a standard method for the surgical treatment of mandibular fractures. Miniplates provide functionally stable fixation, unlike rigid fixation, which prevents micro motion of the bony fragments under function [2]. It is one of the challenging tasks for Oral and Maxillofacial surgeon because of the complex functional anatomy of the maxillofacial region.

Prolonged teeth grinding and clenching that exerts pressure on the joint area and wears down the cartilage pad

tempus is a quadruped animal as it uses all four limbs on the ground for locomotion. Therefore, its scapula attaches straight onto the axial skeleton and is held in place by muscles; the M. Trapezius, the M. Serratus Ventralis, and the M. Rhomboideus (Dawson T J, Finch E, Freedman L, Hume I D, Renfree M B, Temple-Smith P D, 1989). The M. Trapezius inserts on the scapula spine and the M. Rhomboideus inserts on the scapular cartilage, stabilizing it, while the anterior M. Serratus Ventralis inserts on the medial dorsal side of the scapula (Dawson T J, et al 1989). However, the scapula also articulates with the axial skeleton by the clavicle, which inserts onto the acromion of the scapula by the acromioclavicular ligament (Quillen D M, Wuchner M, Hatch R L 2004), this combined articulation of the sternum, clavicle, and scapular forms the pectoral girdle (University of California n.d). Also, the scapular cartilage is quite dorsal to the articulation point of the thoracic spine and the ribs, as seen in Figure 2., and is quite close to the vertebrae, which results in the lateral orientation of the scapula, the caudal orientation of the humerus, and then the cranial medial orientation of the radius and ulna. Therefore, a much larger range of motion is available for the forelimbs, including adduction and abduction movements of the humerus, which, when combined with the separation of the radius and ulna allows supination and pronation of the forearm (and hind limb), adding a

The motion of the mandible during mastication is a three-dimensional, complex motion, which has been described as having the shape of a teardrop or a pear (8) (Insert Figure_5.jpg). When the motion is traced in the frontal plane during a single chewing stroke, this analogy becomes clear. During the opening phase, the mandible is depressed vertically, where the lower incisor is nearly perpendicular to the dental occlusal plane (21,24) with inter-incisal gapes reaching 17–20 mm. On the closing phase, the incisor region typically latero deviates about 5 mm from the midline, and then moves medially as the food bolus engaged (26-28). The mandibular condyles’ lateral translation is about 0.4–0.6 mm during chewing (27,28). As the mandible continues

The main function of an articulator is to “act as the patient in the absence of the patient”. It will simulate the patient’s TMJ,masticatory muscles, mandibular ligaments, mandible and maxilla, and the complex neuromuscular mechanism of mandibular movements.

I am the shoulder joint but some people call me the glenohumoral joint. The shouldr joint is a ball and socket type joint and is connected to part of the humerus and the scapula at the glenoid cavity. This is the most mobile joint in the body, but also the most frequently injured. The rotator cuff, which is a main component of the shoulder joint is often injured so research on how to efficiently heal that injury is ongoing.

Post surgery orthodontic treatment is a common and well-accepted treatment approach for patients with maxillo-mandibular discrepancy and aims to produce more harmonious facial skeletal relationships. However, there is still controversy regarding the effects of orthognathic surgery on the temporo-mandibular joint. In addition, there are limited reports on post-operative patient's satisfaction concerning temporo-mandibular symptoms.

Overall, articular cartilage is a very dense structure, lacking blood vessels and nerves that are found in other tissues77. Chondrocytes are the cell types embedded within cartilage, and produce the structural proteins that form the ECM. The major components of the ECM are water, type II collagens, proteoglycans, aggrecan, and noncollagenous proteins such as fibronectins115,22. The resulting osmotic pressure created within the wet and dry components of the ECM work in harmony to support the mechanical forces applied to cartilage77. The water is retained in the ECM by aggrecan, the primary structural proteoglycan which is based on a long hyaluronic acid backbone with highly charged glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains, such as chondroitin sulfate (CS) and keratin sulfate (KS)26. Altogether, these components are what create the depth dependent layers of cartilage: the superficial zone, the middle zone, the deep zone, and the calcified zone (Figure

Your jaw joint, also called the temporomandibular joint, is responsible for helping you chew, smile, talk, and so on. Grinding your teeth a lot puts extra stress on this joint, creating a condition called TMD (temporomandibular disorder). TMD can cause many problems, including jaw pain, earaches, popping or clicking when chewing, neck pain, and the dreaded

As shown in Table 4, a high correlation is present between the Inter-incisal, inter-premolar and inter-molar distance in the Maxilla.

Definition: An articulator is a mechanical instrument that represents the temporomandibular joints and jaws. The attachment between the TMJ and jaws with the maxillary and mandibular casts simulate some or all of the mandibular movements, which takes place around the TMJ which is capable of undergoing complex movements. An articulator is considered as any instrument which has a movable joint on which the maxillary and mandibular casts can be mounted. These mandibular movements can be rotation around the hinge axis, rotation around the antero-posterior axis, rotation around the vertical axis, and translation.

Dynamic occlusion: Dynamic occlusion is the functional occlusion in which mandibular and maxillary teeth move relative to each other. other than the muscles of mastication there are two guidance systems which are the main determinates of functional