Literature Review

Literature reviews can be of great benefit to social work practitioners. According to the Health and Care Profession’s Council’s standards of proficiency for social workers, practitioners must ‘be able to engage in evidence-informed practice’ (HCPC, 2017. p.11). This evidence includes research knowledge (Webber, 2014). The requirement for practitioners to draw on knowledge from developments in policy, practice and research is also reflected in the Professional Capabilities Framework for Social workers in England (The British Association of Social Work, 2012). Exploring research papers can assist with this process but with the increasing amount of published research reports, one can be overwhelmed by the amount of papers to digest and consider its application (Aveyard, 2014). As a literature review gives a clear picture of all the relevant literature on a specific topic, it proves a more convenient strategy for learning about the current context regarding an area of interest. Furthermore, Webber explains that research evidence is important for social work practice as it informs our knowledge on what works and does not work for service users (2014). This suggests that practitioners should endeavour to stay up to date with their knowledge of developments in social work as part of their professional development in order to ensure they can practice effectively with service users.

- What theoretical approach does the author adopt? Does it allow the researcher to make convincing

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the challenges in providing quality care to the elderly. I will conduct an evidenced-based literature review addressing quality improvement initiatives and programs for older adults. Following the literature review, I will describe barriers and solutions of quality programs and initiatives for older adults. Lastly, I will identify the future impact on nursing care of older adults resulting from this experience.

Everything the homework attempts to teach us has already been taught by the professor.” (Ahmad) Another student has a similar stance, “Homework often keeps me up until four or five in the morning. It’s not because I’m lazy, there is just so much of it!” (Galaviz) The third student I spoke to had an interesting stance of the value of homework. He believed that, “In all of my classes, homework is worth very little. If it were worth extra credit, rather than a grade, I believe that it would be more beneficial to the student body.” (Richards) The general census from the college student body seems to be that they have a negative attitude towards homework. These students fail to see the value that homework has which is ironic seeing as how this is the same view that created one of the greatest educational systems in the world.

Demie (2013) mentions that school leaders are appreciating ways in which data can be used to improve schools. Educators today have access to an exceptional amount of data owing to the continuous developments in technology and the growing demand to evaluate student learning. Teachers are using data effectively to review the performance and expectations of pupils, to identify groups of pupils who are underachieving and to evaluate the effectiveness of their teaching (Demie 2003 and 2004). Common assessment tools include compiling test scores, information on character data, student ethnicity, school environment, parent involvement and the community at large.

The age of language acquisition can be an important indicator of positive prognosis and social functioning in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Children with ASD have impairments in social communication and interaction, and a comprehensive communication assessment is a core component of diagnosing and evaluation. Assessments are used to utilize measures that capture each child’s communication ability and there is extensive literature available detailing the language deficits of children with ASD. However, first acquired language in different age ranges were probed with children with ASD to find the relationship to cognitive abilities and adaptive skills (Mayo, Chlebowski, Fein, and Eigsti, 2013).

Information and communication technology has been adopted and implemented within various sectors of the economy. This is attributed to the benefits of technology in facilitating organizational activities and processes and its use in meeting the changes which characterize the modern society. The health sector is one of the industries which have significantly implemented technology. The health sector’s technological applications have been achieved within health information systems. The implementation of technology in this sector has resulted into both positive and negative implications on health

The plan of buying safe low beta stocks while shorting riskier high beta stocks has been shown to deliver significant risk-adjusted returns (Asness). It has been suggested that low risk investing brings high returns because of industry bets that favor a slowly changing set of heavy industries (Asness). The effect of management design on the portfolio performance of activity managed equity mutual funds increases when portfolios are focused in the top one or two stocks with each industry sector (Goldman). Funds managed by a single manager have much concentrated portfolios, tend to perform better, and have higher expense ratios than funds managed by multiple managers (Goldman).

At school we can often see two types of students: some doing everything to achieve good grades while others excel in the art of procrastinating. What can explain this difference of behaviours towards studies and learning? Motivation is the key answer.

LITERATURE REVIEW SAMPLE SERIES NO. 7 Thompson, C. J., Locander, W. B., & Pollio, H. R. (1990). The Lived Meaning of Free Choice: An Existential-Phenomenological Description of Everyday Consumer Experiences of Contemporary Married Women. Journal of Consumer Research, 17(3), 346-361. AND Zeithaml, V. A., Berry, L. L. & Parasuraman, A. (1993). The Nature and Determinants of Customer Expectations of Service. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 21(1), 1-12.

This chapter summarizes the findings and gaps from the past research in order to establish the context for the proposed framework. Firstly, the existing studies that imply the influence of pavement roughness on mobile source emissions will be discussed. Secondly, the studies on existing emission models especially VSP based approach will be presented. Thirdly, the literature will find out the ongoing models to develop emission inventory for Texas roadways. And finally, the summary part will discuss the limitations of the existing studies in the context of Texas and the gaps in statistical measures.

Learning is a discovery for students rather than a chore. “Homework does not teach children responsibility, time management skills, self-discipline or more of what they should be learning during the day. What it teaches is how to put up with a job that they dislike” (McCarthy). Responsibility, time management, and self-discipline are not taught in traditional schools. These skills are expected to already be mastered by the student, but there are still students in college procrastinating until the night before a deadline.

Greater effects of high- compared with moderate-intensity interval training on cardio-metabolic variables, blood leptin concentration and rating of perceived exertion in obese adolescent females was published in 2015. To the best of the researcher’s knowledge, this kind of study has not been done before and hypothesized that the HIIT would produce a more improvement in leptin levels, cardiorespiratory fitness and the participant’s rate of perceived exertion (RPE) after a HIIT workout. Their methods and procedures were similar to other studies completed.

A literature review conducted by Guccuardi et al. (2013) found that all 13 randomized control trials and comparative studies have affirmative rate differences in culturally based diabetes self-management education when compared to general diabetes education. Lorig et al. (2008) conducted a randomized, controlled trial of the community-based, peer led Spanish Diabetes Self-Management Program (SDSMP) to determine its effectiveness in improving health status, health behaviors, and self-efficacy and maintaining improvements on receiving automated telephone reinforcement. For the study, 533 Spanish-speaking adults with T2DM were provided a 6-week community-based, peer-led SDSMP and participants were randomized into 3 groups – 116 to the SDSMP

This review has got several limitations which authors also acknowledge. Apart from the heterogeneity discussed above, only RCTs compared the thromboprophylaxis methods. This is a major flaw in the review. All-cause mortality is not a good parameter due to the fact major abdominal surgery, age and cancer would be major contributory factors. Disease specific mortality would have been the most appropriate parameter. However, given the small abount of reported PE related mortalities within the considered studies lack the statistical to power. It is also questionable how the authors only managed to consider 3 RCTs. Lack of online database search could be a reason. Considering the 3 RCTs mainly, overall VTE prophylcatic effect of ETP derrived