Literature Review Summary on Total Quality Management

Training and Development is imperative to the organization’s progress. Training helps addressing employee weaknesses and builds a reliable and skilled workforce. This will improve the employees’ performance and boost their self confidence, and innovation. By acquiring the needed knowledge and skills, employees can perform more efficiently and increase the overall productivity of the organization.

Berry, L. L. (2000). Cultivating service brand equity. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(1), 128-137. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1177/0092070300281012

When the organization invests in training and development to improve the knowledge and skills of its employees, the investment is expected to yield productive and effective employees. The programs could be focused on individual performance or team performance depending on the development need identified by a training needs analysis which helps in the creation and implementation of training and management development programs. In the view of Grobler, Warnich, Carrel, Elbert and Hatfield (2004:345), training needs have to be determined first.

Training is an important facet of developing and managing human resources at any organization. Training should improve not only organizational efficiency and employee productivity but it must also improve employee skills and make employees feel valued. At Clapton Commercial Construction (“CCC”) Company’s Arizona location, it is important for the company to hire and retain good employees. To that end training and development should be essential and consistently provided to employees at all levels of the organization. Training program should be designed so that it is tailored to the particular function the employees perform in the company, and also so that the company as a whole works as a

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a complete and structured approach to organizational management that seeks to make better the quality of products and services through ongoing refinements in answer to continuous feedback. The importance and value of TQM was stressed by European Foundation of Quality Management to reach total customer satisfaction. TQM necessities may be defined separately for a organization or may be in adherence to established standards, such as the International Organization for Standardization's ISO 9000 series. Total Quality Management can define aims for the continuous improvement in all levels and functions of the organization. The continuous improvement suggests that quality management system should be a circle.

Training and development is one of the many essential functions of human resource management; it is deemed as the planning learned experience by which employees are taught various aspects of a given job and most importantly how to perform a job and or a future tasks. The basis for training and development implementation is to mold an efficient employee who performs tasks effectively resulting in optimum productivity, which aids in an organization’s overall aspirations. Job training has been around for centuries and has been utilized to teach individuals task specific to a given job or industry; it differs from education which affords individuals general information regarding traditional topics such as science, math, history, reading, and writing. Over those centuries, a few training methods have been explored such as on the job training, classroom training, vestibule training, systematic training, and the most currently used computer training. Within each of these, training methods can be found imperative information to assist an organization successfully meeting objectives.

Companies who invested in training and development programs in the long run with show that their employees great assets to their company. “Employees may gain access to training they wouldn 't have otherwise known about or sought out themselves. Employees who feel appreciated and challenged through training opportunities may feel more satisfaction toward their jobs (Frost, 2016).”

Mr. Rosner’s article is written for training experts and human resource (HR) professionals in mind as a guidance that can be used for designing employee training programs. HR professionals can answer these questions to develop useful guidelines for developing an effective training program or whether training is actually needed in the first place.

Yasin and Alavi (1999) conducted a quantitative study to determine if Total Quality Management (TQM) can produce quality improvement

Training transfer means that learners are able to “transfer” their knowledge and skills learned in a training session back to their jobs. The importance of training transfer cannot be overemphasized. Organizations spend billions of dollars each year on training, yet only a fraction of that investment results in improved performance if training transfer is not supported by stakeholders (i.e. any individual or group that has a “stake” in the transfer of training). These include managers, peers, customers and the employer. Stakeholders also assume responsibility for supporting transfer.The goal of training is not simply to gain knowledge and skills, but to transfer learning into performance, which in turn leads to improvements in agency results. Training transfer is not an event; it is a dynamic and complex process that requires planning. The use of effective transfer of training principles can help maximize the effectiveness of training

Most organizations do not follow-up on the benefits of training as regards staff performance. As a result of this they don’t take training and development as an important factor in organizational growth and survival. Most manages do not know how to assess the return on investment in training, nor are they equipped with the necessary management tools to monitor the decision making process of such investment. It has been discovered that training and development budget is the first cut when the organization is faced with difficulties because most of them are of the opinion that investment in the area of training and development is not linked to the bottom line of the business. Globalization and rapid technological development has changed the conditions for companies and increased competition in the world markets. The quality of a company’s human resources is the key driver for sustained top-level performance. It has become crucial to continually invest in human resource development in order to guarantee success in the global market. As earlier said, managers engage in minimal training thereby not giving quality training to their employees, this in turn affects the overall outcome of the training and the performance of the staff. Most organizations that have a competitive image see more reasons to train their workers than those who are on the lower rung of the ladder of recognition, but training and development is still needed to create a niche. In the light of the above,

Training and development has become increasingly essential to the success of modern organisations, yet some still look at training as a problem or as something that is not taken seriously. Training and development is one key approach used by organisations to improve and maintain the capabilities of its workforce. However, many experts distinguish between training and development, being that training tends to be more closely focused and adapted towards short-term performance concerns, while development tends to be adapted more towards expanding an individual’s skills for future responsibilities (Snell and Bohlander 2007). The main reason that organisations train their employees is to bring their knowledge, skills and abilities up to the

Introduction - Total quality management (TQM) has been defined as ‘continuous improvement of every production output whether it be a product or a service, by removing inefficient variations and by improving the backbone of the work process’. International managers like their domestic counterparts have found that incorporating the notion of total quality management into their management process and style can give the competitive advantage.

According to “Management: A Practical Introduction”, Total Quality Management is defined as a comprehensive approach dedicated to the continuous improvement of quality, training, and customer satisfaction. There are four components to Total Quality Management, and they include making continuous improvement a priority, getting every employee involved, listen to and learn from customers and employees, and using accurate standards to identify and eliminate problems (Kimiki Williams 528). For companies that use the Total Quality Management approach, these values will often times be defined in their core values and principles, and the specifics of these values may be different from company to company. As

A training program that is well-designed is proven to achieve maximum results and meet the training needs identified during a training needs analysis. A well-executed training program will increase overall productivity and provide the knowledge, skills, and attitudes the employees need to perform successfully. This paper presents considerations for the design of a two-phase training program for existing employees – a two (2) day program, which covers the training needs to move the company in the right direction.