Literature Study

1. What figure will Cal Jenson report to Fred Donofrio for the amount that absenteeism cost ONO last year?

A tankless water heater’s output is determined by the flow rate. Typically, the appliance will provide hot water at a rate of 2–5 gallons per minute. Gas-fired units produce higher flow rates than electric models. Large households may find the single tankless unit to be unable to produce the required hot water. However, when two or more tankless water heaters are installed and connected, the demand for simultaneous needs of hot water can be met. You also have the option to install separate units in different areas of the home.

In an article called “Heat Transfer by conduction” by Mike Brown, it states “Thermal energy in the vibrating particles or molecules is passed on to nearby particles in a process called conduction”. This explains to us the process of conduction in which it relates to our design because when we insert the thermometer into the warm water, our goal is to keep the water warm with our cup so that once the thermometer makes DIRECT contact with the warm water, it will heat up the thermometer and give us an exact temperature.

Consider the heat-engine-refrigerator combination shown in figure below left, operating between the same two reservoirs.

If I insert a 100g brass mass into a 100 degrees boiling water for two minutes and transfer it to cold water then the cold water’s temperature will increase because the 100g brass mass gained heat from the boiling water.

Looking back, I have chosen literature over a lot of things, sometimes it was my family and friends-whose views on education differed greatly from my own, but most often I was choosing literature over temptation; which, seductively presented itself all over the extremely urban streets of south central L.A. Temptation is the reason many of my old friends are in jail now and why I am the only member in my family to have graduated from high school. It has taken many people away from me, my friends and family who have turned to drugs to numb the woes of their inherit circumstances and even my father who is still in jail, that I have yet to and may never meet.

“… A heat exchanger is a device that is used to transfer thermal energy (enthalpy) between two or more fluids, between a solid surface and a fluid, or between solid particulates and a fluid, at different temperatures and in thermal contact. …”

(mean temperature 19.43°C) was also run simultaneously. The heat-treatment units were filled with clean and aerated

In order to test the heat capacity of water, calorimeter test was conducted. Each liquid had an initial temperature at 21oC. As the time increased, the temperature increased. The maximum temperature of water was 23.5oC in 152 seconds. And the maximum temperature of oil was 25oC in 160 seconds.

After building the calorimeters, the formula (Heat Capacity) = ((Heat lost by hot water) -(Heat gained by cold

2. The end of step 4 during the experiment creates the tripartite thermal structure within the lake substitute. This is composed of three parts called the epilimnion, the thermocline and the hypolimnion. The epilimnion represents the surface of the lake which experiences the most heat during the summer and has the highest temperature compared to the other parts of the thermal structure. The thermocline is the section of water that has the large exponential decrease in temperature. This is shown in figure 1 at the end of the heating phase, the temperature decreases by a large amount as the depth increases from 1cm to 9cm. Finally there is the hypolimnion which is shown in figure 1 in all phases as the cold part of the water column. This is the most unaffected part, as the solar radiation does not effectively penetrate that deep into the water hence the temperature stays almost constant. The

Heat transfer processes are prominent in engineering due to several applications in industry and environment. Heat transfer is central to the performance of propulsion systems, design of conventional space and water heating systems, cooling of electronic equipment, and many manufacturing processes (Campos 3).

According to the flat plate collectors that were install on houses in Cyprus, the aim of this investigate project is to produce several different ideas of how the water temperature will be increased when it exiting a pipe of the collector. Also some tests will be made in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software to come across with the best idea and an efficiency curve will be generated.

There are certain assumptions that will be made to carry out the said experiment. The heat flow will always be considered one dimensional. The system is considered

The figure illustrates the heat pipe as a closed tube where the inner surface is lined with a wick or a porous material that is filled with liquid near its saturation temperature. The liquid in the wick and the open vapour corridor is separated by a vapour-liquid interface, which is found in the inner surface of the wick. Heat pipe characteristics are dependent upon size, shape, material construction, working fluid and heat transfer rate. The operational characteristic of a heat pipe is defined by heat boundaries, effective thermal conductivity and temperature difference.