Lithium Ion Batteries Are Made From Lithium

A fuel cell is, in principle, a very simple electrochemical device. The chemical reaction that powers hydrogen fuel cells is the same as that which occurs when hydrogen burns. The chemical equation for this reaction is: 2H2 + O2 ( 2H2O + energy. "Normally hydrogen burns, reacting with oxygen from the air, producing water, heat and light. ... In the fuel cell the chemical reaction is exactly the same, but instead of producing light and heat energy, electrical energy is produced."2 All fuel cells consist of an electrolyte (a substance that allows only the passage of ions) sandwiched between two electrodes. When a fuel containing hydrogen is passed over the negative electrode, otherwise known as an anode, it is ionized. Ionization of the fuel, often accomplished with the assistance of a catalyst, removes electrons from the hydrogen creating positively charged hydrogen ions and negatively charged free electrons. Since only the ions can pass through the electrolyte situated between the electrodes, the electrons must find another route to the positive electrode or cathode, where they will be reunited with the hydrogen ions and combined with oxygen atoms to form water. The electrons passing around the electrolyte constitute an electric current, and thus can be used to provide power during their journey from anode to cathode.3

the chemical energy stored in batteries gets transformed into electrical energy through the wires, then gets transformed into light energy and thermal energy that you see.

In this experiment, the scientists are testing which amount of zinc mossy would make a few normal cleaned pennies change their colors into silver when they are placed in the boiling solution of zinc sulfate and water and then turn their colors into the brightest yellow (gold) when they are exposed directly to heat,. The independent variables in this experiment are the amount of zinc and zinc sulfate measured in gram and the dependent variables is the shades of yellow (compared in decimal R,G, B code) of the penny after all steps of the experiment. The constant of this experiment will be the temperature of the tap water used to boil the solution, which is 100°C and the temperature of the hot plate used to heat up the silver penny, which is about 300°C. And the controlled of this experiment is the pennies with the brownish color.

Every year it is estimated that 1.8 million batteries are not properly disposed of. When this happens, it poses a major threat to the ecosystem. Heavy metals used in batteries are toxic to humans and they can leach into our water system. Lead and nickel-cadmium (Nd-CD) can only enter the human body by inhalation or ingestion, but mercury can even be absorbed through the skin. Federal and state laws and regulations have been implemented and enforced to ensure heavy metal batteries are properly disposed of and recycled.

Batteries store energy in chemical form. They release energy by pumping electrons’ through wires from the minus pole to the plus pole. Devices inbetween convert this energy to another form, Efficieny- e.motor=85%, combustion= 20%

Zinc chloride is an ionic compound. An ionic compound is made up of two elements, a metal and non-metal. They also consist of positive and negative ions. When an ionic compound is formed the ions bond to make a zero charge. The second element (the non-metal) is named by adding –ide to the end of it, providing it is a monatomic ion. The mixture of zinc chloride contains a metal (zinc) and a non-metal (chloride). Zinc has a charge of +2 and Chlorine has a charge of -1, so it consists of a positive and negative ion. Thus when zinc and chlorine combine, it actually takes 2 chlorine ions to bond with 1 zinc ion. This would give the formula a zero charge, and also make it an ionic compound. Finally, the name of the non-metal ion is chlorine, in this experiment it becomes chloride, adding –ide to the end also is proof it is an ionic compound since this is a bond between a metal and non-metal, and since there is no prefix in the name.

The electrons move because they experience a electric current force in the wire. The battery causes an electric field and the electrons experience a force due to that field. The current flows in the opposite direction of the electrons and the flow of the

Since lithium battery is a non-hazardous waste as long as it's disposed when fully or mostly charge, the source of lithium as a hazardous waste is incompletely discharged lithium batteries. Lithium batteries produce this hazardous waste since they contain lithium that becomes dangerous when incompletely discharged. The batteries can be handled as hazardous wastes depending on their reactivity characteristics and hazardous waste attributes. The degree of hazard in lithium battery cells is normally based on several factors including the quantity of accumulated cells, the condition of the cells, storing procedures, transportation, and disposal.

A lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is a type of rechargeable battery which uses a lithium ion that moves from a positive electrode (cathode) to a negative electrode (anode) during charging and vice versa during discharge. Lithium-ion batteries are less environmentally damaging than batteries containing heavy metals such as cadmium and mercury, but recycling them is still far preferable to incinerating them or sending them to landfill. Lithium ion batteries are made up of one or more generating compartments called cells. Each cell is composed of three components: an anode, a cathode, and a chemical called an electrolyte in between them.

Your POV The fight had been going on for what seemed like ages. You were on the ground, fighting as best as you could. Your ammo was low and you didn’t have any spares left. After the leaves bullet left your gun you throw it away and start looking for a way to gather some power or you’re useless.

Zinc is not just used for batteries, pennies and brass shell casings. It is also used for medicine. Interestingly it is known as an “essential trace element” for the small amounts of it necessary for human health. It was discovered by Andreas Marggraf in 1746 in Germany, after two other men (William Champion and Anton von Swab) a couple years earlier. Andreas Marggraf though, was credited for the isolation of Zinc after establishing a detailed theory for it. A reason I chose the picture of the pennies is because they are thought to be made of copper, but these days it is about 97.5% zinc inside. The brass shell casings are interesting for the reason that the brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, showing another variety of objects made of zinc.

b) Recycling household and car batteries keeps heavy metals such as mercury, lithium and cadmium from being released into our air and water. Heavy metals, when consumed by people and other animals, cause numerous health problems and diseases.

The Alkali metals are found in group 1 of the periodic table, they are very reactive metals that do not form in the nature. These metal only have one electron in their outer shell. Alkali metals are malleable, ductile, and are good conductors of heat and electricity. Alkali metals are much softer then most metals. If these Alkali metals are exposed to water they can explode. Properties of Alkali metals are; they have the largest atomic radii in their periods, Low ionization energies, low electronegativities, and are also very shiny and able to be cut with a knife do to their softness. The elements in Alkali metals are Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, and francium. It is light and highly reactive. it is found in many stars. Compounds of Lithium give fireworks and flares their red color. Compounds of Lithium are Lithium Chloride and Lithium Hydride.

alkaline cells, are available in standard sizes such as AA, C, and D, and they are a fast-moving

Other types of batteries such as the high drain lithium ones are becoming popular due to the increasing use of electronic devices.