Liver Biopsy Lab Report

Iron Deficiency Anemia affects millions of individuals across the world. This disease strikes many more women than men and has harmful effects on all who suffer from this deficiency that causes oxygen-carrying capacity to decrease. The causes can vary amongst different groups, but the aggravating symptoms remain constant. Much of the research on Iron Deficiency Anemia concentrates on not only the treatment of this disease, but also the prevention of it. To attain a better understanding of how to treat this problem, one must clearly know what Iron Deficiency Anemia means, what causes this disease, the effects of it, and finally how to cure it.

Iron is one of the important minerals that is required for our bodies to function properly. Most of the iron in our body is found in the blood such as haemoglobin, approximately 60 -70% of the human body’s iron is found in the haemoglobin, a protein in the blood that transports oxygen. Iron is also present in muscle tissue and some enzymes. There are two types of iron in the body which are “Heme Iron” from animal products and “Non-Heme Iron” vegetables and

Humans have a less varied diet than primates, and the effect of domestication on our foods is evident. Domesticated fruits have a different sugar content than wild fruits. They are sweeter, containing mostly sucrose and fructose, while wild fruits contain mainly glucose. (Milton 1993) Wild fruits contain more seeds, are more fibrous, have higher amounts of micronutrients and have more protein than their domesticated counterparts. Wild fruits have a richer mineral content than domesticated fruits, having higher contents of calcium, potassium, phosphorus and iron. (Milton 1999) Primate diets in the wild well exceed the daily set recommendations of nutrients and minerals for humans, while some humans subsisting on domesticated and processed products do no receive adequate nutrition. One vitamin of particular interest is vitamin C. Humans and non-human primates, unlike most other mammals, cannot synthesize this compound. It is hypothesized that this is because their herbivorous diet provides high amounts of the nutrient, and is is indeed the case, particularly for primates subsisting on a wild diet. (Web 2002) Another area of consideration is fat content in the diet. Primates consume less fat than the modern Westerner. The content of fat that primates consume is also fairly balanced between saturated and unsaturated fats. In the modern Western diet, most fats consumed are saturated animal fats and seed oils. Although we consume most of our protein from animal sources, primates are able to maintain adequate protein intake from their mostly herbivorous diet. (Milton

Lack of iron can cause anemia but is maor likely to "arise from blood loss due to internal parasites. Iron dextran used to treat baby pig anemia must not be given to horses since fatal, allergic reactions can occur." (arg.gov.sk.ca)

Lactoferrin is a protein that is rich in iron from milk in mammals. In an experiment performed and described in an article, one group of female long distance runners took lactoferrin with an iron supplement for eight weeks, while the control group took iron without the lactoferrin. The experiment concluded that a lower red blood cell count in the control group was counted for than the group that took the lactoferrin with iron. This shows that the lactoferrin with iron helped produce more iron in the body than just iron alone, making a better cure for athletes with anemia (Koikawa, Nagaoka, Yamaguchi, Hamano, Yamauchi, and

Ferritin Ferritin is a protein which is able to control the amount of iron that is stored within the body. It will release iron within the body when it is needed (Nall, R 2015). Having too much iron within the body could indicate that they have got liver disease or iron poisoning. Whereas if they have a low amount of iron it could indicate that they have internal bleeding or excessive menstrual bleeding. The iron will be floating around the animal’s body, and then the ferritin will be able to sense this and then engulf it so then it is safe and ready to be released when needed. Sucrose In order for the animal to be able to get an appropriate amount of energy, they will need to have sucrose (sugar) within their diet. This sucrose will give them

Iron is an essential mineral in the body and there is iron in all cells in the body. It is the mineral that should be in our diet, it is necessary for transport of oxygen through hemoglobin. Iron is also vital for oxidation by cell.3 Dietary iron consist of two forms: heme or organic iron is found in animal product such as meat and fish which attached to proteins called heme proteins. None heme iron is found in vegetable such as bean and spinach. Heme iron is typically absorbed at a higher rate (20%) rather than non heme iron (2%).4

Non-heme sources such as the iron in beans, grains and vegetables is not nearly as well

On physical examination, She was alert and well oriented. She was ambulant and walked on her own. Her

Hemochromatosis is an inherited recessive genetic disorder where the body absorbs and stores too much iron in the body. Often when iron is discussed in United States diets it is to combat the portion of our society that is anemic due to and iron-deficient diet, but we often fail to think about the other end of the spectrum. Unlike people with iron-deficiently anemia individuals with hemochromatosis have an excessive amount of iron in their body which can lead to overtime organ damage. “If hemochromatosis is not detected and treated early, it may eventually cause serious irreversible disorders such as arthritis, liver disease, heart disease and diabetes later in life.”1 Unfortunately there are few symptoms of the disease, and of those symptoms they are very generic like chronic fatigue, weakness, joint pain, depression, shortness of breath. As you can see those physical symptom can easily point to many different issues (including iron-deficient anemia) before a doctor will usually think about hemochromatosis. Hemochromatosis vague beginning symptoms are usually why is so underdiagnosed by doctors in the early stages. Thus many times hemochromatosis is not diagnosed until the progression

The first disease to be discussed by Dr. Moalem is an inherited disease called hemochromatosis. Hemochromatosis is a blood disorder that affects the body’s process of metabolizing iron. Normally, the body is able to notice when a sufficient amount of iron is present in the blood, and reduces iron absorption by the intestines. However, hemochromatosis disrupts the body’s ability to detect when enough iron is in the blood. Thus, the body absorbs iron continuously, even though there is enough. The iron overload can ultimately lead to liver failure, heart failure, diabetes, arthritis, infertility, psychiatric disorders, cancer, and death. Symptoms of hemochromatosis include abnormal heartbeat rhythm and joint pains. It is difficult to diagnose

1. During my experiment, as my lab partner and I added more sodium hydroxide, the pH level began to rise. As the pH level climbed, the solution began to have more precipitate. In the stomach the pH level is 2.

The first disease to be discussed by Dr. Moalem is an inherited disease called hemochromatosis. Hemochromatosis is a blood disorder where the body is incapable of metabolizing iron correctly. When a sufficient amount of iron is present, the body should be able to notice it, and stop its iron absorption. In a case where hemochromatosis is involved, the body cannot detect this. Consequently, the body continues its iron absorption, causing a massive iron buildup in the bloodstream. The iron overload can ultimately lead to liver failure, heart failure, diabetes, arthritis, infertility, cancer, psychiatric disorders, and death. Abnormal heartbeat rhythm and joint pains are some symptoms of having hemochromatosis. It is difficult to diagnose this

The next section is Meat, fish and alternatives. A main source of iron is found in these foods. Iron is an important mineral, which is essential in keeping the body healthy. It is necessary for the dancer for maximum energy and peak performance. A lack of iron can leave you feeling tired and prone to infections. If the condition gets worse, more dramatic symptoms may develop such as severe fatigue, cramps, headaches, shortness of breath, poor stamina and feeling the cold more than usual. Therefore it is vital that dancers consume about 12% meat, fish and alternatives on a regular basis to make sure that they have full energy to dance and they don’t fall ill. Lean red meat is the best source of iron because it has 'haem' iron in it, which is well absorbed by the body. Red meat has double the iron as chicken and three times as much iron as fish. Generally, the darker the colour of the meat the more iron it contains and the more energy is provides.

The mung bean (Vigna radiata) is a bean often consumed in Indian populations. Mung beans are small green legumes that contain high amounts of fiber and protein. They fit very well in a vegetarian diet where people use the beans as a meat replacer, which is a common practice in India. In addition, mung beans are a good source of iron, with iron contents ranging between 4-8 mg of Fe/100g (Barakoti & Bains, 2007). Therefore they may have a positive effect on iron status in anemic populations. However, legumes do contain high amounts of phytate which decreases bioavailability of minerals. This is one of the main reasons for anemia, since Indian populations consume a lot of phytic acid through their diet (Nair, et al, 2013).