Liver Transplant Research Paper

artery or vein. The tube in this artery is connected to a mechanical pump that

1. Attention Getter: As defined by www.dictionary.com , an organ transplant is deemed an operation moving an organ from an organism (the donor) to another (the recipient). In the U.S. alone surgeons performed 5,273 liver transplants in 2008, according to www.infopleas.com accessed on April 17,2012.

Presently, a severe discrepancy exists between the number of liver transplant candidates and the number of donor livers available for transplantation in the United States. The National Institute of Health (NIH) reports alcohol cirrhosis is the second most common reason for requiring a liver transplant. The current data regarding deaths of listed liver transplant candidates raises concern regarding the distribution and allocation of donor organs. Controversy currently exists regarding liver transplant criteria, specifically aimed at the selection of patients who will remain recovered from alcoholism post-transplant. Liver transplant selection criteria is compounded by additional factors such as the current inadequate supply of donor livers,

An organ donation is a process involved in removing an organ or tissue from one person (the donor) to another in need of the organ (recipient). The transplantation is necessary as the recipient's previous organ has failed and or injured. When calculating how successful organ transplantation is, it depends on what type of organ was transplanted.

The anticipation of receiving a gift may lead a person to be anxious; however, imagine that gift of a liver and said person has been waiting for months for it. In Waiting for a Liver Transplant (2006), the authors describe the process that transplant participants go through during the waiting period before receiving a liver transplant. Furthermore, identifying initial participants through a rigorous interview process, participants continue to wait for their acceptance into the study. While studies have been conducted pre-and post-operation, no research has been conducted on what participants go through during the waiting period. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, loneliness, begin to take a toll on participants during this wait. As a result, a disruption between the transplant team and participants become more prevalent; thus, leading participants to anticipate negative outcomes (Brown et al., 2006). In light of this, the phenomena of interest are the negative impacts that are waiting for a transplant has on the overall health and well-being of the recipient. Furthermore, by reviewing prior studies that involve phenomenological approaches guided the authors to hypothesize what is already known about this specific phenomenon (Brown et al., 2006).

The therapist will insert the catheter through the nose with either tracheostomy or endotracheal tube. It will be enter gently and when it is in the right depth, suction may begin. The catheter will be slowly withdrawn when finished. When suctioning monitor the oxygen levels and heart rate to make sure the patient is handling the procedure well (“Basics of

The anal sacs will need to be lavaged with an anti-septic solution to prevent the spread of any infection. The tip of a catheter known as the 6-French will then be placed into the rectum. The rectum will need to be packed with saline saturated gauze, to protect the surgical site from contamination. Once this is done, the foley catheter will need to be filled with saline until the anal sacs are easily palpated. Surgical scissors will then be used to make and incision down the wall of the anal sac. With slight pressure placed on the catheter during this insicion, the anal sac should easily be removed. Once the anal sac has been removed the duct that is connected will need to be removed as well. After this is done, the pocket in which the anal sac was removed from will have to be lavaged with saline several times. Now the wound will be sutured with either a 3-0 or 4-0 suture. The patient will then be sent to recovery and all vitals will be

To perform a cardiac catheterization the cardiologist will insert a sheath, or a short tube usually into the femoral artery. A long very thin catheter will then be fed through the sheath and guided through the arteries until it is in the heart and coronary arteries. The physician uses fluoroscopy equipment to guide the catheter into the coronary arteries. To allow for clear viewing of the coronary arteries, contrast material is injected into the catheter. As the contrast material flows through the heart chambers and coronary arteries x-rays are taken. The

Advances in surgery and immunosuppressive therapy have improved clinical outcomes and opportunities for liver transplantation among those previously excluded (e.g., older adults) (1). During the liver allocation system prior to 2002, liver transplant recipients > 60 years old were reported to have promising graft and patient survival rates similar to younger cohorts (1-12).Other published reports have cited significant mortality and complications among older recipients (13-18), though important clinical outcomes like functional status have been infrequently studied. (7, 13).

Web MD states, an organ transplant is the surgical removal of a healthy organ from one person, alive or deceased, and transplanting the organ into another person whose organ is failing. Often an organ transplant is the last effort to save and individuals life. This is why it is so important for individuals to become organ donors. Not all organs in the body are transplantable. (Organ Transplants,16) The most common organs that get transplanted are: heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, and pancreas. Tissue such as bones, corneas, and skin can also be used from organ donors.

An organ transplant is an operation that places a healthy organ from another person into your body. The organ can come from someone who died (a deceased donor) and who has signed their states donor registry or told their family their wishes to become a donor. The organs that can be replaced are the kidneys, heart, liver, lungs, pancreas, intestine, and thymus. There are no set age limits that exists for certain organ transplant. You can receive a transplant at any age, but most commonly occurs with teenagers. Women are more prone to have complications, organ rejection, or even die from the organ transplant than men. In addition, organ transplants are more common in females than males for the fact men’s organs are two times stronger. This is the result of why most organ donors are

Researchers at a transplant conference last month estimated that nearly one in three liver donors has a medical complication. About half are serious problems, perhaps requiring a second surgery; others are relatively minor, such as wound infections. One study found 30 percent of donors had to be readmitted to the hospital.

The Liver is the body's largest gland, weighing about three to four pounds. It is located beneath the diaphragm in the right upper quadrant (RUQ) of the abdominal cavity. Without the liver, our bodies would be poisoned and unfit for us to do anything at all. It is a metabolically active organ responsible for many vital life functions. The primary functions of the liver are: Bile productions and excretion. Excretion of bilirubin, cholesterol, hormones, and drugs. Metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Enzyme activation. Storage of glycogen, vitamins, and minerals. Synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin, and clotting factors. And blood detoxification and purification.

Organ transplantation is a medical act which involves the surgical operating by transferring or removing of an organ from one person to the other, or placing the organ of a donor into the body of a recipient for the replacement of the recipients damaged or failed organ which resulted from impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism or an act that causes someone to receive physical damage.

Cardiac catheterization a long flexible thin tube place in blood vessel in arm, groin, or neck looks in coronary arteries. Dye can be added to see how well the heart is pumping.