Living in the Aftermath of the Apartheid Regime

Explain the primary purpose of the Constitution and identify the main rights we as US Citizens all share due to our Constitution. ( CO 3)

This is why it is commonly called the supreme law of the land. The purpose of the government is found in the Preamble and for the government to be successful; the Founding Fathers established three main principles on which our Government is based:

As usual, Martin’s chapter explains a movement or in this case a protest. In this case it is the drive for divestment of funds in companies that had ties or business in South Africa. Troy’s chapter focuses on Wall Street and the excesses of the 1980s.

The construction of a democracy requires vision, ambition and decisiveness because democrats must not only construct the constitution of liberty for their homelands but also build a democracy that delivers a competent state, respectful of its citizens. Democratic designers must construct a regime that rests on a workable balance between the hopes and constraints of their societies and a constitution and institutions that would render the state not just democratic but also effective. Democratic designers should therefore counsel self restraint for political actors by acting within the rule of the law as well as ensuring that the interests of the minorities and the poor are represented. They advise government officials to

Throughout the history of apartheid in South Africa, there is a clear trail of causes and effects that tell us how institutionalized racism has impacted its people on a political, social, and economical scale. It started with the many political parties and labor organizations that were created around the same time South Africa was made a country and established its constitution. When apartheid started in South Africa, it was instituted by a party known as the Afrikaner National Party in 1948. They did this as a means to control the social and economical system in South Africa. The original reason for implementing apartheid was to make sure that the whites remained on top and that racial segregation was to be expanded. A major factor that institutionalized racism has impacted the political system was when the Afrikaner National Party eliminated the voting rights of colored people. On top of that, a factor that impacted the economical system of South Africa was when the Bantu Education Act denied blacks the right to get higher education. This impacted the economical system because if blacks were not allowed to get a higher education then there was very little no no chance that they could get a good paying job and contribute to the economy as an avid spender, therefore the economy took a hit. Added to that, in 1960, the African government banned any African political organization. This resulted in imprisonment of arguably one of the most prolific leaders

From 1948 to 1994, South Africa functioned under the policy of apartheid, a system of racial segregation and white supremacy in which nonwhite racial groups were deprived of their South African citizenship and forced to live separately from whites. Stripped of their rights and marginalized in a country where they were in fact the majority, nonwhites launched strikes and campaigns of passive resistance against the all-white South African government. One freedom fighter stood out amongst the rest: Nelson Mandela, an anti-apartheid revolutionary, who would stand with others at the forefront of the nonwhites’ fight for their rights. Presently, Mandela is regarded as an international hero in the struggle for black liberation who dedicated his life to the abolition of racial oppression in South Africa and to correcting the injustices of the apartheid, using his political power and moral authority over the people. Despite the controversy he faced and the sanctions placed against apartheid opposition, Mandela has managed to leave a legacy of harmony in South Africa today.

The mission and the value of the goals is to assist the people of the community to strengthen themselves and gain confidence that they able to achieve their goals for their families and themselves.

to improve the living and working conditions of people in all parts of the world

In South Africa in 1948, the National party came into power and they had begun creating laws that corresponded to the apartheid. The apartheid movement was implementing segregation, keeping the white South Africans from interacting with the black South Africans1. In 1959, the Boycott Movement came into play in South Africa, which was later renamed the Anti-Apartheid Movement. This led to other countries in the world putting pressure on South Africa economically to end this racial discrimination. In the late 1960’s, South Africa began to see some opposition against the apartheid and black South Africans began protesting for equal rights. For example, Steven Biko believed that black South Africans deserved equal rights as well and with his actions he became a prominent activist/leader for the anti-apartheid movement. Due to his increasing popularity in relation to the anti-apartheid government, Steven Biko was arrested and then was beaten to death while in police custody 4. An innocent black man died because of his race and because he believed that segregation was wrong. In 1980, Peter Gabriel released a song named “Biko” on his third studio album titled ‘Peter Gabriel’, synonymously known as ‘Melt’. This song is directly related to the segregation issues but more specifically the anti-apartheid movement. Peter Gabriel was not directly impacted by the anti-apartheid movement since he was a Caucasian, well-off English man. When he heard about the death of Steven Biko and the

The Founders of our Constitution believed the main purpose of the government is to protect people’s rights to life, liberty, and property. The government is responsible for making sure that our rights and welfare are protected as reflected in the Preamble to the U.S Constitution:

To socialize and nationalize the means of production, distribution, and exchange as far as possible

Apartheid in South Africa was the main cause of the 1981 Springbok Tour Protests causing international resentment. The Apartheid soon became a major controversy within New Zealand, as many people prefered boycotting in opposition to it, instead of continued sporting contact. Following the Sharpeville Massacre, the international opposition towards apartheid increased dramatically, as the United Nations conservative stance changed to strongly oppose it. The massacre and the system itself caused many nations to institute sporting and trade boycotts onto the South African government. In 1968, the United Nations called for a sporting boycott against South African teams as a way to put pressure in the government there to ease apartheid laws. Many New Zealanders were opposed on a brobdingnagian scale towards apartheid, and the arrival of the Springbok Team in 1981 forced the nation to confront apartheid head on, as the government has been previously reluctant to impose sanctions. Apartheid had a lasting effect on New Zealand, and was the major cause of the Springbok Tour Protests and the debate still rages on today as people question the most effective way to end regimes around the world, through isolation, or providing governments political, economic and social incentives to end systems.

In general, education has two purpose, one is for individual development, another is for social and nation needs. Development of individuals through education is well known, such as getting a high-paid job, being more intelligent, having a more successful life. But individual and social aims of education are complementary to one another. However, I believe educating for citizenship and democracy is one of the most important aims because education is not only about learning, but also how to use the knowledge, skills and values to actively participate in community and social development, to make our world a better place.

Apartheid in South Africa was not started in 1948 with the election that saw the National Party (NP) take office, it was just a term coined by NP after the publication of the Sauer Report of 1946. The Sauer report recommended consolidation of land reserves, controls over African urbanization and segregation of coloreds, Indians and blacks. Apartheid was more than just segregation though, it was a ruthless way of controlling a majority of the population within the country. The reason being it was supported by those who had power within the government, and those that had the power of the vote as well. National Party supporters such as teachers, clerics, and large scale farmers, as well as those white urban trade unions that had lost work to black South Africans during World War II where all behind this movement. Apartheid was a movement segregation, and it spread quickly, by increasing demands of all non-white South Africans with governmental acts. These acts such as the Group Areas Act of 1950 which enforced segregated living spaces, and the Bantu Education Act of 1953, which put all African schools under the control of the Department of Native Affairs, which regulated education and imposed a uniform curriculum which was to prepare students towards more manual type labor. These acts and other like them pushed Africans to start to up protest, at first peacefully through non-violent protest, but eventually violence was seen as the only way. These protest led the

d) To ensure that all citizens without discrimination on any group whatsoever, have the opportunity for securing adequate means of livelihood as well as adequate opportunity to secure suitable employment;