Lobsters Are Osmoregulators

This report presents the physiological changes in the heart rate of a fresh water crustacean Daphnia magna when exposed to caffeine and alcohol. Different Daphnia magnas were placed in a depression slide containing fresh water and later exposed to solutions of caffeine and alcohol. Each Daphnia magna had different responses. These data suggest there is an increase in heart rate when a Daphnia magna is exposed to caffeine and a decrease in heart rate when it is in a solution of alcohol.

Brine Shrimp are a micro-crustacean that is found mostly in inland saltwater bodies, however, the salinity levels that they live in vary greatly. The conditions that they require can be made at home as the eggs (cysts) of the shrimp are dry, hard shells that can withstand drought and go without water for up to 50 years. This study presents the results of 3 different salinity levelled environments to the Brine shrimp in order to discover a salinity level that produces the most successful hatching rate. By filling 3 Petri dishes with 20mL’s of purified water, each dish contained varying sodium chloride amounts from 15ppt, 25ppt, and

Some plants and animals have to adapt to the amount of oxygen and visibility underwater. For example, plants have adapted to the amount of sunlight they receive in certain environments, and cattails and water lilies have adapted to be able to survive humid climates. For animals, certain fish like trout have adapted to clear and cool water with a large amount of oxygen. On the other hand, other types of fish, like catfish, are able to survive in an area with a low oxygen level and gloomy visibility. Since otters live on the land surrounding the water, they have adapted to be able to swim to catch their food. Frogs and alligators have adapted to their environment by being able to live on the land after coming from underwater as an egg. Lastly, beavers have adapted to use their teeth to create the dams they live

We performed an experiment on crayfish focusing on their metabolic rates, via oxygen consumption, at two acclimated temperatures. Crayfish were either acclimated to a warm temperature (20 to 25C) or to a

Lobsters are crustaceans that have been on earth for more that 480 million years and their average lifespan is 70 years. Their scientific name is Homarus americanus. The word lobster is an old english word that means spider. Lobsters are benthic creatures that are found in all of the world’s oceans, brackish water, and freshwater. A lobsters brain is located in its throat and its teeth are in its stomach. They have poor eyesight but an amazing sense of taste and smell. They mainly feed on fish, clams, sea stars, sea urchins, mussels and sometimes even other lobsters. Scientists have two theories on lobster cannibalism. The first theory is that rising water temperatures are causing lobsters to be more aggressive. The second theory is that lobsters

This experiment investigated the effects of changing temperate and salinity on the heart rate of Daphnia sp.. The hypothesis states that the heart rate of Daphnia sp. will be significantly higher at 20oC compared to 10oC. Results showed that the heart rate of Daphnia sp. at a higher temperature correlates with an increased heart rate.

Table 1, shows the average change in mass and average rate of osmosis of the egg after it had been soaking for ten minutes in the distilled water, 1%, 2%, 5% and 10% Sodium Chloride solutions. The table also shows the SEM for each of the averages. All of the averages show that as the salt concentration increases from 0% to 2%, the rate of change in mass decreases. From the 5% salt concentration to 10%, the rate of change in mass begins to increase. This indicates that somewhere between 2% and 5%, an isotonic environment was reached. This is all shown in the results, as the average rate of osmosis in the egg after being submerged in the distilled water is 0.105 g/min, the average rate of osmosis after being submerged in the 1% solution is

The purpose of this experiment is to determine the effect of population density on Artemia Salina. Artemia Salina are brine shrimp that live in waters with high salinity levels, similar to the novelty pet “Sea Monkeys”. If the number of artemia in an enclosure is higher, then the lifespan of the Artemia Salina will be shorter. Three beakers were filled with varying levels of population density and monitored over 6 days. The trend in the data showed that higher population density contributes positively to the lifespan of Artemia Salina.

The fishes varied in weight ranging from an average of about 7.2 to 10.1 grams, and out of eight trials, one consisted of two fish undergoing control and experimental conditions to measure changes in oxygen concentrations. The goldfish in darkness had a higher oxygen consumption rate of 347 mgO2/(L*hr) than goldfish in ambient lighting, a rate of 259 mgO2/(L*hr). The standard deviations for the control and experimental groups undergoing darkness was 81 mgO2/(L*hr) and 105 mgO2/(L*hr) respectively. An unpaired t-test was recorded, and the p-value was

Aim The aim of this experiment is to test the effect of selected variables on the osmotic pressure during desalination. The variables being researched include: the size of the cation, different salinities and the solubility of a number of salts normally found in seawater. Background Information I have for a number of years been interested in environmental issues such as water consumption and the carbon footprint that characterizes our modern societies. In a previous experiment I created an organic geyser, designed to use compost to provide a source of energy to heat water.

The trend observed was as the volume of the flask decreased and the amount of oxygen consumption increased. This trend can be explained through the behavior of each zebrafish. When placed in a larger area, the zebrafish tended to be more relaxed and stationary, compared to the fish placed in a smaller area. Due to the stress brought on by the limited area, the fish reacted by rapidly moving around. As a result of the zebrafishes reaction to the space, there was an increased amount of oxygen consumed, compared to the fish who had no stress. The trend is justified from the difference in the initial oxygen within the closed system to the final amount of oxygen calculated at the

Four eggs that were previously soaked in vinegar were placed into four beakers with different levels of a glucose solution. The four beakers were filled with distilled water, 0.5M glucose, 1.5M glucose and 2.0M glucose. After the eggs were placed in the solutions, they were left for 60 minutes but weighed every 15 minutes to record whether there was an increase or a decrease in mass. The various masses were recorded as well as the percent change in mass. These were then recorded as line graphs. From this it was able to be determined if the egg had been in a hypotonic, hypertonic or isotonic solution, thus being able to determine if osmosis had occurred.

The concentration of solutes in the bodily fluids of most marine invertebrates is roughly isosmotic to their environment (Raven, 2008). Because there is no osmotic gradient there is no tendency for the net diffusion of water away from the animal’s cells to occur. When a change in salinity occurs some organisms have the ability to maintain a constant internal homeostasis despite these external changes and are known as osmoregulators (Oxford, 2008). Other animals lack this ability and as such are called osmoconformers; their internal osmolarity matches that of their

All halophiles must maintain their cytoplasm isoosmotic with their surrounding medium. Salt tolerance requires that compatible solutes accumulate in the cytosol and organelles where these function in osmotic adjustment and osmoprotection (Rhodes and Hanson, 1993). Some compatible osmolytes are essential elemental ions, such as K+, but the majority are organic solutesBiological membranes are permeable to water, and active energy dependent inward transport of water to compensate for water lost by osmotic processes is energetically not feasible. Moreover, cells that keep a turgor need even to maintain their intracellular osmotic pressure higher than that of their environment.

Fish in an estuarine environment would in all likelihood be presented to continuous changes in saltiness, as opposed to sudden changes, as displayed in direct exchange poisonous quality tests (Bringolf et al., 2005). Some fish can adapt to higher salinities with steady increments in salinity than with direct move into salty waters (Eddy, 1981; Chervinski, 1984; Anyanwu, 1991; Bringolf et al., 2005; Sardella et al., 2007)