Looking Out Looking Chapter 4 Summary

In chapter 8 Looking Out Looking in by Ronald. B. Adler it talks about why we form relationships , well most people desire relationships. Appearance is especially important in relationships whether it is in person or social media. Appearance is also the most important feature people look for, skills and intelligence are secondary. Being in a relationship causes partners to create positive illusions. In relationships we also look for similarity we like people who are similar to us. Similarity is more important to relational happiness than communication ability. Similarity also helps us overcome trivial differences. Complementarily differences are the differences a relationship has between each other. Complementarily differences strengthen relationships

In chapter seven, it talks about emotions which are internal sensations that are shaped by physiology, perceptions, language, and social experiences. It is said that we feel emotions when external stimuli cause a physiological change in our bodies. For example, before and while giving my identity presentation, I felt anxious and nervous. I knew this because I was sweating, light-headed, and my stomach was turning. Another example for me would be whenever I get extremely mad because it feels like my whole body is on fire.

Facial Expression: The facial expression such as happiness, sadness, anger and fear helps a lot in conveying a message. These facial expressions are similar all over the world but non- verbal communication and behaviour varies hugely between the cultures in the world.Since the look on a person’s face is noticed , before we hear ,facial expression contributes a lot in a successfully non-verbal communication .

In this chapter of the Looking Out/Looking In the author discussed the need for communication, how to communicate, the principals and misconceptions of communication, and how to communicate effectively.

One critical point I learn from these chapters is the importance of distinguish automatic thoughts from emotions. Emotions are often mistaken or used

Normal humans show emotion every day, rather it is being concerned for ones worth or being happy or sad. Emotions are key aspect in classifying one as human.

Facial expressions -The human face is extremely expressive, able to express countless emotions without saying a word. And unlike some forms of nonverbal communication, facial expressions are

Give specific examples to help support your points. They are influenced by emotion because if somebody isn’t happy

In the third chapter of Looking Out, Looking In, Adler and Proctor discuss the psychological ideas of self-esteem, self-concept, impression management and self-rdisclosure. More importantly, Adler emphasizes how these concepts relates to how we communicate with others. For me the key concept to understanding your self-concept was the Johari Window. The idea of others knowing something about me that I didn't know has always perplexed me.

During the 1900s, the James-Lange theory proposed by William James and Carl Lange was one of the prominent theories of emotions. The theory states our physical reaction to something will cause us to feel emotions. William James explained, "My thesis, on the contrary, is that directly, the bodily changes follow the PERCEPTION of the exciting fact and that our feeling of the same changes as they occur IS the emotion." Walter Cannon and Philip Bard (1898 – 1977) theory of emotion is all about your emotions and how your body reacts simultaneously to that emotion even if your reaction is not clearly visible. Some physical reactions maybe sweating, trembling, heart rate increasing or decrease, blood flow and amongst other numerous possibilities. An example of that based on my own personal experience is my fear of public speaking. My immediate reaction to that fear is I break out into a cold sweat and my heart rate increases. In the article Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear, and rage: an account of recent researches into the function of emotional excitement by Water B. Cannon it gives the reader some insight on how emotions affect things in your

Temperament can be defined as early individual differences in how each individual person reacts to stimuli (Losonczy-Marshall, 2014). In an article by Losonczy-Marshall (2014) also states that emotional reaction are parts of how each individual reacts to stimuli and, thus, should be considered as part of temperaments. Emotional reactions are to be observed by emotional expression, which is a reaction to a particular stimulus that shows some bodily expression. This can be shown in multiple different variations such as vocally, facially, gestures, and/or posture. This communication of inner emotional states as outward expressions is often called as state emotion. Trait emotion is defined as latency in response, intensity of expression, and duration of expression. Trait emotion can

Emotions play an extremely important role in human mental life. Unlike the chimpanzee, human emotions are easier to read because of their physical responses such as tears in their eyes or their lips changing shape. In the same way as chimpanzees, humans use gestures to communicate with each other, yet they use words instead of sounds.

When talking about emotion it seems a fairly simple topic and immediately "feeling" words come to mind; sad, happy, and confused. These are basic emotions and easy to understand. What isn't so simple about emotions is their process and how they form and work. Emotions are reactions to sensory information like sight, smell, taste, touch and sound (Tracing Emotion’s Pathways 94). However, it is not that simple; an emotional reaction or response is made aware of and understood by a part of the brain called the sensory cortex. These emotional responses or reactions to sensory stimuli are processed by a part of the brain called the amygdala (What’s An Emotion). The amygdala is a huge asset to the cognitive factors of emotions because in processing emotions you become able to understand, recognize, and control them. So then how do emotions evoke a physiological reaction such as tearing up when one feels sad, laughing with joy, and trembling with fear? These physiological reactions that one may experience come from the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system is, “a collection of fibers that extend throughout

Emotions occur in a variety of settings and they can activate us to action or deactivate us into complacency. Anger may make us take action against an injustice. Fear may make us more alert. Sadness may make us withdraw from. Shame may make us conceal our self. Delight, interest and curiosity may mobilize us to move towards an action. Indeed emotions can deeply affect our personal and social lives, benefiting us in many ways but sometimes emotions may be detrimental. Some examples are, the anxiety of a goalie who lets in a goal in the world cup and performs poorly in the rest of the match; the high activation of a police officer who acts unjustly when facing an emotionally challenging situation (Berking, Meier, Wupperman, 2010); the fear of a fire-fighter who loses courage with children who are in danger (Scott & Myers, 2005).

1. Perceiving Emotions: This involves understanding nonverbal signals such as body language and facial expressions and perceiving them accurately.