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Low Level Laser Therapy Case Study

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In orthodontics, low level laser therapy (LLLT) has also been used as a modality to enhance the bone remodeling and accelerate the tooth movement. LLLT increases the levels of Rreceptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) in periodontal ligament. RANKL is a proliferation marker which binds to osteoclasts lineage and proliferate them, hence increases the rate of orthodontic tooth movement (Kapila, Lancero, and Johnson 1998). Aihara et al. cultured rats preosteoclast like cells and found increase in the levels of RANKL after laser application (Aihara, Yamaguchi, and Kasai 2006). Similarly few more In vitro studies have reported the same effects of LLLT on cultured osteoclasts via expression of MMP-9, cathepsin K, and α (v) β3 …show more content…

2009). In vivo human studies have also shown the biostimulatory effects of LLLT on orthodontic tooth movement (table 4). Cruz applied 780 nm diode laser to investigate the amount of tooth movement and found significant acceleration after application of 50J/cm2 (Cruz et al. 2004). The same wavelength of laser and energy input was used by Sousa who also reported significant increase in velocity of tooth movement (da Silva Sousa et al. 2011). However Limpanichkul and Heravi found LLLT ineffective in producing significant difference in velocity of orthodontic tooth movement pertaining to the use of higher energy density (21.4 J) by Heravi and very low energy input described by Limpanichkul; as the most effective range of LLLT for biomodulation is reported to be 0.5-4 J/cm2 (Mester, Mester, and Mester 1985; Limpanichkul et al. 2006; Heravi, Moradi, and Ahrari). Genc investigated acceleration along with the levels of nitric oxide in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) after application of LLLT. He also found increase in velocity of tooth movement, while there was no significant changes in the level of nitric oxide reported (Genc et al. 2013). Doshi Mehta used lower energy input, which was found effective in acceleration of canine retraction simultaneously reducing the pain associated with the

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