Low Levels Of Academic Achievement

Different sub-groups among the Latino Community possesses varying rates of psychological disorders. A recent study, conducted by the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, surveyed those of the Latino and Hispanic Communities in the United States. This study revealed, that generally, 27% of Latinos reported having higher levels of depression. Among the various Latino groups, those having a lower score of 22.3% were those of the Mexican descent and those having a

Knowledge about Hispanic youth and anxiety disorders is disturbingly limited (Ginsburg & Silverman, 1996). Most recently, there is an increasing trend in the prevalence of anxiety disorders and Hispanic youth (McLaughlin, Hilt, & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2007). The top four diagnoses

Currently within the United States one of the fastest growing minority population (Schwartz & Scott, 2012) is the Latinos. In 2010 Census Bureau Brief ( Ennis, Rois-Vargas, & Albert, 2011) it stated how an estimated 15 million Latino individuals were living within the United States, which is approximately about 16% of the entire U.S. population. There is one big problem with addressing the Latino population, and that is the family patterns are either misrepresented or not properly understood, due to the label of Hispanic and Latinos being placed together. These two groups may share the same spoken language of Spanish and have similar cultural ancestry but the diversity among Hispanic and Latinos (Schwartz & Scott, 2012) make generalizations about their lifestyles difficult. The term Hispanic came to be used in the 1970’s by government officials (cdc.gov, 2011) in trying to provide a diverse label on this population that had connections to speaking Spanish and the Spanish culture. Latino became more of a termed to be used when distinguishing between Mexican (Hispanics) and Latinos who descendants from Latin America such as Cuba and Puerto Rico.

Since many Mexican Americans aren’t very open with their parents about this subject, many may avoid telling them when they think they are pregnant or if they have become pregnant. This leads to lack of proper health care they need in order to have a healthy pregnancy. The baby, as well as the mother can have a high risk of health issues. The habits of these adolescent mothers are more like to be unhealthy, especially if they are not aware that they are pregnant in the first place. The younger the mother may be, the higher the infant is at risk for dying the first year of its life (Medline Plus, 2014). The bodies of these teens are not ready for childbearing and delivery so this also puts them at risk. Infants that are born to adolescents are 2-6 times more likely to be born with a low birth weight (Medline Plus, 2014). The baby and mother also have a higher risk of illness and death. Some medical complications that may arise are as follows: Significant anemia, Placenta Previa , Toxemia and Pregnancy-induced hypertension. Other risks of becoming a teen mother is that they have a higher chance of dropping out of school, only 36% of Mexican American teen mothers will finish high school (NCSL,

According to the U.S Bureau, the total U.S. population is 320,672,339 (U.S. Census, 2014). In 2014, there were a total of 54 million people of Hispanic culture living in the U.S. Making Hispanics the largest minority living in the U.S (U.S. Census, 2014). According to research b 2030, Latinos are expected to grow more than 73 million, or 20% in the U.S. (Chavez, Torrez and Adam). Hispanics make up 17% of the nation’s total population (U.S. Census, 2014). According to the U.S Department of Health and Human services in 2008, it was estimated that there was a total of 7772,000 abuse cases in which 20% of them involved Latino children, and 8% were sexual abuse cases.

The Southwest United States is an area of great diversity. It is located on the border between the US and Mexico. In this region there are four main ethnicities represented: Hispanics, African Americans, Anglo Americans, and Native Americans. These groups interact daily working in the same offices and going to school together. Youth of each ethnicity face risks as they grow up. By focusing on the Hispanic adolescent girl the extent of the possible risks to one ethnicity can be explored. These risks will include motivation at school, the risk of dropping out of school, the at-risk classification, which includes gang involvement, and teen pregnancy. The results of studies focused

3. Corona, R., Gonzalez, T., Cohen, et al. “Richmond Latino Needs Assessment: A Community-University Partnership to Identify Health Concerns and Service Needs for Latino Youth”. J Community Health. 34.(2009): 195-201.

As compared to documented and U.S born Latinos, undocumented Latinos are identified to have a higher level of anxiety, adjustment disorders, alcohol abuse, and other psychological problems (Perez & Fortuna, 2005; Ramos-Sanchez, 2010). As summarized by Grau, J. M., Kerns, K. A., & Neal-Barnett, A. M. (2002), much of the research available on foreign-born and US-born Latino youth examines how acculturative stress, which stems from challenges related to adapting to life in the US (e.g., learning a new language, adjusting to new social norms and family dynamics, and experiencing discrimination), affect psychological well-being. Additionally, undocumented Latino immigrants may be afraid to disclose any type of information for fear of being deported because of their legal status and in turn increase the risk of emotional distress and hamper their quality of health. (Cavazos-Rehg et al., 2007). Living in an undocumented or mixed legal status family can be very stressful to both the children and the parents.

Hispanic, specially “ Mexican – Americans, the most common sub group of Hispanics in the U.S., have among the highest rates of childhood

The main issues affecting Latina adolescents' health are acculturation, discrimination, poverty, and restricted access to health care. These issues can place them in risk for unplanned pregnancy and a higher risk for sexually transmitted infections, HIV and AIDS. People here in America have bias about adolescences pregnancy and not knowing the facts behind the problems. The peer-reviewed journal that we are going to talk about is Latina adolescences do not have the skills and knowledge to get help with their situations.

Depression develops via the experience of aversive environmental events and chronic stress during childhood” (Bitsika,& Sharpley, 2010 pg 3). Client X grew up in an urban city; the population of roughly 70,000 is widely Hispanic and has given a Latino tilt to the local economy and culture. We exist in a multicultural nation where “culturally informed, evidence-based treatment (EBT) is fundamental to sound clinical work” (Duarté‐Vélez, Bernal, Bonilla, Morales, Eduardo & Norcross, 2010 pg 895). Latinos are the most rapidly growing ethnic minority group in the United States and face great environmental challenges. Many professional agree that this population faces tremendous risk factors for Latino depression.

This study will be conducted to find the correlation between Latino youths and smoking. The hypothesis for this study will be “Youths of Latino origin are more likely to have a higher smoking rate.” To assess what sets an individual at risk for smoking and what ethnicity is more at risk, three additional research questions will be used to understand the association with Latino youths and smoking. For example,

The health status of Hispanic/Latino minority group is satisfactory in United States. In 2010, the top three diseases that caused death among them were Cancer, Diabetes and Heart attack. It is said that about 1/4th of Hispanic adults do not receive proper health care in US. According to a survey conducted by Wood Johnson Foundation, about

populations.(Franzini & Fernandez-Esquer, 2006) This issue has particular relevance for the Latino community because many Latinos have health outcomes that are comparable to or better than their U.S. white counterparts even though they have lower average SES.(Palloni A, Morenoff, 2001) Given this paradox, there is a need to more deeply explore how SES and SSS play out for Latinos in an effort to truly understand and capture disparities in health and health behaviors in this population.

This limits the data that are collected at the end because Latino adolescents are not included. To obtain an understanding of mental health problems in Latinos, there needs to be a more culturally-sensitive research. The authors article is affective and comprehensible; however, if they were to make their research a multicultural research, it would allow for the audience to see the research as a whole, instead of it being specifically of just one growing minority group. By obtaining this knowledge, it would help health care providers, researchers, and policymakers in trying to treat and stop mental issues (Kapke). Research also shows that it is important to acknowledge the conceptual idea of Latino youth because they could have a lower self-esteem, increased chances of abuse, and internal problems. Therefore, if the child has affectionate parents and a desirable relationship with them, this can help boost their self-esteem. Conceptual ideas correlate with cultural adaptation since the effects are about the same and could change the person’s beliefs, values, and behaviors. These changes are significant to the person in the early stages, and once these fundamental ideas are changed, it could change the way a person visualizes life. Self-esteem has shown to relate to cultural adaptation and mental health because the increased levels of self-esteem help cease the formation of internal conflicts. The evidence provide by the authors allows the audience to obtain appropriate citations and with relative and up-to-date articles. The way that the authors structured and organized the article allowed for the audience to follow and easily understand what the authors are trying to portray. This article is geared to a general audience with moderately comprehendible language. In general, this article uses well developed ideas that are portrayed in an understandable