Low Osteoporosis Research Paper

There are a plethora of health issues that contribute to bone loss, such as nutrition (low calcium consumption) and rarely engaging in exercise, people who have an unhealthy lifestyle such as smoking or extreme alcohol usage are also at risk. “Bone loss in adolescence and early adulthood can be a result of a failure to attain peak bone mineral density, and accelerated bone loss may be particularly noted around menopause and in later years” (Lin, 2014, para. 1). Though the exact cause is unknown, additional sources may include latent health disorders such as thyroid problems.

in the development and onset of this disease. Sex hormones, such as estrogen previously mentioned, as well as testosterone in men can help build and maintain healthy bones. When these hormone levels decrease, which is not uncommon in old age, the chance for osteoporosis increase significantly.

What is osteoporosis exactly? Literally, osteoporosis means “porous bone”. Derived from oste/o, meaning bone, and –porosis, meaning the condition of being porous. It is an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation. Clinically defined as a disorder characterized by compromised bone strength leading to an increased risk of fracture (Lane, 2006). Normal bone structure includes an extracellular matrix with mineralized and non-mineralized components, which gives the bones their mechanical properties, as well as collagen and mineralized osteoid cells. Calcium concentration is extremely important is determining the compressive strength of the bone (Bethel, 2015). The structure of bone in an individual with osteoporosis has lost mineralization and collagen due to a decrease in the production of these components as a result, the bones become porous and brittle. Bone is living tissue, constantly being broken down and reformed through out life. Derived from

Osteoporosis is a bone disease due to calcium loss. As a result the bones lose strength and density. People are usually unaware that they have the condition until they experience a fracture.

Osteoporosis is a condition involving the thinning of bones(bone demineralisation), leaving them brittle and more susceptible to fracture. 99% of calcium is stored in the bones, so sufficient calcium is important in order to maintain or reach peak bone mass(PBM). Osteoporosis mainly effects the older population, with 19.8 million people over the age of 50 in the UK.

Osteoporosis is a direct consequence of the excessive loss of calcium and bone protein, the

Although this pathological condition can be avoided as long as a healthy body weight is maintained, getting the right exercise for cardiovascular fitness, and avoiding joint injuries. Some of the lessons I learned from this is how to avoid getting this condition and all the information I got from researching. What I received from completing this assignment is knowing the facts about osteoarthritis and all the risk factors. It was a good topic to research and write

Osteoporosis is defined as a bone disease that occurs when the body loses to much bone, produces to little or both. The lack of bone density results in brittle bones that are easily broken or fractured. This is a homeostatic condition because the rate in which bone must be produced is not meet and is significantly slower than it should be (Dr. Harvey Marcovitch ,2011). This causes the bone turnover rate to be out of equilibrium and therefore the condition of homeostasis cannot be meet. The lifestyle and habits you have contribute greatly to whether you will contract this disease.( Dr. Miriam Stoppard,2002).

According to Judith (2010), Osteoporosis is a loss of the reabsorption in the bones by way of calcium, plasma, and phosphate. Estrogen production helps bones metabolism by stimulating osteoblastic activity and limiting osteoclastic effects of the parathyroid hormone. It develops when the new formation of bones fall behind in the reabsorption process (Judith, 2010). In simpler terms, it’s a loss of bone mass due to a metabolic bone disorder affected by the rate of bone resorption advances while the rate of the bone formation reduces. According to Judith (2010), the bones end up losing calcium, phosphates and end up brittle making them prone to fractures and further complications (P . 236).

Osteoporosis is the most common progressive bone disease that decreases bone density. Osteoporosis is characterized by an increased risk for bone fracture and this presents in the form of brittle and fragile bones (Bethel & Diamond, 2016). The bone loss occurs because of increase bone reabsorption which leads to decreased bone mass and deterioration (Bethel & Diamond, 2016). In addition, impaired bone function can also lead to osteoporosis. The diagnosis of osteoporosis often happens after the injury has occurred.

First of all, sex hormones play a crucial role in osteoporosis. For instance, when females' monthly periods stop, their estrogen levels will drop. Moreover, their bone density will decrease because estrogen (females' hormone) is important to maintain their bone healthy (3). Like females, the level of Testosterone hormone in males impacts the bones health. Second, lack of the calcium and vitamin D in people's daily meals. Calcium and vitamin D are both essential items to support the bone structure. Since the bones consist of calcium and without vitamin D the absorption of calcium will be less than the normal

Osteoporosis is often found in elderly women with low levels of estrogen and calcium. The number of available research based on osteoporosis in women outnumber that of their male counterparts. Little researches have been conducted on the relationship between testosterone levels and osteoporosis in men. In this paper, we will review 5 difference sources to determine if testosterone levels affect the chances of men developing osteoporosis. The following three questions will be answered in this paper: Are women more prone to osteoporosis compare to men due to their low level of testosterone? Is low testosterone the main cause of osteoporosis in men? Is testosterone therapy effective in reducing or cure osteoporosis in men?

There are numerous factors that contribute to the development of this horrible disease, but the most important factor is vitamin D deficiency. When the minerals in osteoid crystallize, they require adequate concentration of calcium and phosphate. When the concentration is not at the correct level, ossification does not proceed normally (Huether & McCance, 2008). Vitamin D regulates the absorption of calcium from the intestine. When there is a lack of vitamin D, the concentration of calcium begins to fall (Huether & McCance, 2008). The body begins to regulate this calcium drop by increases the amount of PTH synthesis and secretion (Huether & McCance, 2008). An increase of PTH causes a clearance of phosphate and without the correct levels of phosphate mineralization of the bones cannot proceed in the correct manor (Huether & McCance, 2008). The abnormality of bone growth can occur in spongy and compact bone (Mayo

Calcium is also used to maintain strong bones, increase muscle movement, provide nerve impulses, keep the blood flowing (Calcium 2013) and to control the way the heart beats (Calcium 2000). Osteoporosis can happen when the body does not get enough calcium. The extreme version of this disease is called hypocalcemia which is when the body has an extremely low intake of calcium (Calcium 2015). Osteoporosis effects ¼ of the worlds population of women over 60 years old as it is the most common metabolic bone disease (Osteoporosis 2015). This disease is most commonly found in women over 40 because of the estrogen loss during menopause (Osteoporosis 2015). There is a higher chance of getting osteoporosis if a person is thin, not active, a smoker, consumes alcohol regularly or has a low calcium intake (Osteoporosis 2015). The honeycombed matrixes in bones cause them to become thinner and easier to fracture. To prevent osteoporosis a person must have good nutrition, a high intake of calcium and vitamin D and participate regularly in physical activity (Osteoporosis

In the United States, arthritis has become the second most common disorder, in the past years. Moreover, the condition affects more than 34 million Caucasians, 4.6 million African-Americans and nearly 3.1 million Hispanics with women being the most affected (Helmick, 2008). 28.3% of people suffering from arthritis are women whereas 18.2% are men (Helmick, 2008). By the year 2030, it is predicted that the number of patients with arthritis will double if prevalence rates remain the same. Apart from being cost-intensive, Osteoarthritis (OA) affects nearly twenty seven million Americans, which effectively limits their work (Reid, Shengelia & Parker, 2012). The statistics show that Caucasians are the most affected and the Hispanics to be the less affected from Caucasians, Hispanics, and African Americans. It also shows how women also have greater possibilities of getting arthritis than man ever did.