Lung Cancer : Cancer And Cancer

What are lung cancers? Lung cancers are the abnormal cells which grow in uncontrolled manner in one or both lungs. They do not function as normal lung cells and do not develop into healthy lung tissue. The abnormal cells can grow, form tumours and interfere with the normal functions of the lung (Lungcancer.org, 2015). Lung cancers can be divided into two major types, namely non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancers (SCLC). NSCLC can be further classified into three main subtypes, namely adenocarcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma and large-cell carcinoma (Longo & Harrison, 2012). Lung cancers can be diagnosed by chest X-ray, computerised tomography (CT) scan, positron emission tomography-computerised tomography (PET-CT) scan, bronchoscopy and biopsy (Nhs.uk, 2015). Unfortunately, lung cancers are often diagnosed at the later stages. This is due to the unrecognisable symptoms and warning signs at the earlier stages. NSCLC are often diagnosed at stage IV which accounts for 30-40% of cases whereas 60% of SCLC is diagnosed at stage IV. Lung cancer usually originates from the cells lining the bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli. Carcinogens especially tobacco smoke will alter the gene expression of the normal human lung cells, resulting in cell mutation. The proto-oncogenes will be converted to mutated form, oncogenes. Mutation leads to the decreased expression of the tumour suppressor genes. This results in uncontrolled cell proliferation, cell

Some symptoms of lung cancer are chronic cough, chest pain, hoarseness, wheezing, swelling in the face and neck, weight loss, fever, loss of appetite, and shortness of breath.

Throughout life, many individuals experience difficulties due to growing up in everyday life. While going in depth of the human life, it is discovered that there are many diseases and disorders that affect humans’ everyday functions. A very popular disease that has traumatically affected the human body is cancer. Cancer is a disease that spreads throughout your body in many ways. The purpose of cancer is to attach to a blood cell in your body and cause a plague within itself, causing the body to initially shut down and die. This disease contains many forms and have many causes to it. However its main goal is to destroy the human body.

Lung Cancer, like any other type of cancer, is the uncontrollable growth of cells in the lung tissue. The main causes that contribute to lung cancer include inhaling carcinogens (basically, smoking), exposure to ionizing radiation, viral infections and even air pollution. These factors basically damage the tissues lining the bronchi in the lung, leading the cancer to develop further (Vaporciyan & Nesbitt JC, 2000). Primary lung cancers that develop in the epithelial tissues of the lung are known as carcinomas and claim the top spot in terms of leading cancer-related death causes. As of 2004, lung cancer

Lung Cancer is a disease which consists of uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissues. Lung cancer consists of two types, Non-small cell lung cancer, and small cell lung cancer. (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. The bronchi are the large air tubes leading from the trachea to the lungs that convey air to and from the lungs, and where most lung cancers begin. The body normally maintains cell growth only

The leading cause of cancer death for both men and women in the United States and worldwide is lung cancer. Lung cancer is responsible for thirty percent of cancer deaths in the United States. The deaths caused by breast cancer, colon cancer and prostate cancer combined do not add up to the deaths that lung cancer causes. In 2007, 158,683 people, 88,243 men and 70,354 women died from lung cancer in the United States (Eldridge, 2012). Out of the 158,683 people that died from lung cancer in 2007, 135,000 of them died of lung cancer caused by smoking cigarettes. The overall survival rate of those with lung cancer is at about fifteen percent.

Up to 25% of people with Lung Cancer don’t have symptoms, the other 75% of people do have symptoms such as; a new cough, or a cough that doesn’t go away, or changes is a good sign. Or with smokers they sometimes have chronic coughing and if it changes in how severe it is or how often they cough that could be a red flag. Chest, shoulder, and back pain that also does not go away and gets worse with deep breathing is also a sign.

Although many people have heard about lung cancer, they don't know that there are two major types of lung cancer. The types of lung cancer are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC breaks down into three different types and approximately makes up 85-90% of the cancers that patients are diagnosed with. The first type of NSCLC is adenocarcinoma. This type of cancer is usually found in smokers however it is the most common lung cancer found in nonsmokers. This cancer typically attacks younger adults and targets women. This cancer tends to develop on the outside layers of the lungs and it can be found before it spreads throughout the body. The second type of NSCLC is squamous cell carcinoma. This cancer is linked to smoking and forms in the inner airways of

Lung cancer has multiple ways of impacting a body. This depends on the stage of lung cancer and when it becomes diagnosed. At early stages, lung cancer patients are often unaware that they have the disease. As the disease becomes more advanced, variable symptoms can develop. They often present with respiratory symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, or blood with coughing. Common places

Lung cancer occurs due to cells in a person’s lungs that multiple at a rapid pace, which form a malignant tumor. These tumors in the lungs take away important necessities such as oxygen, and nutrients; diminishes the ability of the tissue to properly function. One of the most type of common lung cancers is Adenocarcinoma, which make up to forty percent of these cases. Smoking is the primary reason for Americans to be diagnosed with lung cancer, with a cigarette containing more than 4,000 chemicals that have permanent damage to the lungs causing long term effects (Conrad 2016).

MRI, PET, and bone scans are imaging tests that can tell if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body as well as providing additional information on the chest. Other types of tests can also be used to determine if a patient has lung cancer, such as thoracentesis, needle biopsy, and bronchoscopy.

Lung cancer can become suspected after a spot is seen on an x-ray that may have been taken due to a persistent cough, chest pain, etc.

Lung cancers are broadly categorized as non–small cell (NSCLC) and small cell (SCLC) lung cancers, accounting for around 85 and 15% of all lung cancers, respectively. The most common histologic subtypes of NSCLC are adenocarcinoma (50%), squamous cell carcinoma (35%), and large cell lung cancer (15%). Subtypes of adenocarcinoma include broncho-alveolar, acinar, and papillary; subtypes of large cell lung cancer include giant cell and clear cell carcinomas, both of which carry poor prognosis. Adenocarcinomas are the histologic type associated with smoking.

Lung cancer tends to spread or metastasize very early after it forms; it is a life-threatening condition, and one of the most difficult cancers to treat. The lung is also a very common site for metastasis from tumors originating in other parts of the body. Lung cancers can arise in any part of the lung, but 90% - 95% of cancers of the lung are thought to arise from the epithelial cells, the cells lining the larger and smaller airways (bronchi and bronchioles) [22]. The etiology of lung cancer is mostly attributed to smoking. Tobacco smoking is the common cause of lung cancer; only 12% of cases occur in nonsmokers. Approximately 50% of new lung cancer cases are diagnosed in former smokers[23]. Even passive exposure to tobacco smoke increases the risk of developing bronchogenic carcinoma by 40% to 70%. Age, ethnicity, and genetic polymorphisms are also important factors; chronic obstructive lung disease is an independent risk factor for lung cancer [24]. Besides this, environmental factors such as ionizing radiation (e.g. soil radon) and exposure to asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, and a number of other industrial substances also causes lung cancer. Air

The indicators or symptoms of lung cancer is a cough that doesn’t go away, chest pain, hoarseness, difficulty breathing or wheezing, coughing up blood or rust colored sputum, shortness of breath and reoccurring infections of pneumonia or bronchitis . Early detection of lung cancer in an individual is very hard and most people do not exhibit any signs or symptoms indicating that they have the disease. The etiologic risk factors of the disease vary from person to person and have to do with the quality of air