Lung Cancer Case Study

Active smoking and disease relationship was first studied as case-control studies in Germany during 1939 and 1943which revealed a strong association between active smoking and lung cancer [1]. After that large number of studies were conducted which established relationship of tobacco smoke with

This paper discusses in distinct detail the pathology of lung cancer, specifically malignant tumors. This investigation into the cancer touches on many different subjects that include: the history of the disease and how it came to be so prevalent, it’s cellular origins, how it is diagnosed within a patient, the different treatments used to fight it, and the survival rates for people with any sort of lung cancer. The paper also goes in depth about the use of x-rays and how they are used to find lung cancer. There are many resources used for this paper and they are cited as necessary.

In 2005 Nina Godtfredsen, Eva Prescott, and Merete Osler wrote an article titled "The Effect of Smoking Reduction on Lung Cancer Risk." It was published in volume 294 of the Journal of the American Medical Association, pages 1505-1511.

From all the cancers the body can be diagnosed with, lung cancer is the leading cause of death among men and women in the United States. About 14% of all new cancer cases are lung cancers, and it is likely that this percentage will continue to grow. The reason for the rise of this disease is due to one’s environment and lifestyle. And if you are not willing to change, you are at the risk of being affected with lung cancer.

According to the US Department of Health and Services, More than 380,000 12-to-13-year-olds and almost four million 14-to-17-year-olds have smoked cigarettes at least once (Johnston, 2014, p.1). He also explained that the numbers of smokers between cigarettes, hookahs. E-cigarettes are increasing in the past few years between adults and teenagers (Johnston, 2014, p.3). I'm also concerned because my dad and my three brothers smoke more than 2 packs of cigarettes a day. Now let's discuss the causes of lung cancer.

The incidence of Lung Cancer is mostly caused by cigarette smoking which has a percent of about 90% and rising. The risk of Lung Cancer by smoking is risked to how much you smoke over time. Doctors agree that Lung Cancer is caused by years and years of smoking cigarettes. Although cigarette smoking is the number on cause of Lung Cancer and harsh chemicals is also on the top list their are other causes to it like previous lung

Lung Cancer is partly preventable with smoking cessation and it is slowly decreasing in the developed countries because of the many campaigns against tobacco addiction developed in the last decades but this is not the case in developing countries. In addition, we are observing a growing amount of lung cancer in females. (Ferlay et al. 2008), (Le Chevalier).

Lung growth (both little cell and non-little cell) is the second most normal malignancy in both men and ladies (not including skin growth). In men, prostate malignancy is more basic, while in ladies bosom malignancy is more regular. Around 14% of every single new growth is lung growths. The American Growth Society 's evaluations for lung malignancy in the Assembled States for 2016 are: Around 224,390 new instances of lung disease (117,920 in men and 106,470 in ladies), about158, 080 passing’s from lung disease (85,920 in men and 72,160 in ladies)

The November 1956 edition of the British Medical Journal published Lung Cancer and Other Causes of Death in Relation to Smoking: a Second Report on the Mortality of British Doctors. Doll and Hill’s first study was limited due to the small number of deaths that occurred during the follow-up period (n=36). By 1956, an additional 82 deaths had occurred which were attributed to lung cancer. With an additional two years of data, Doll and Hill were interested in rate-ratio of lung cancer associated with smoking, as well as any other associations that might be observed. Doll and Hill found that the rate of death of lung cancer non-smokers was about 0.07 per 1000, compared to the lung cancer death rate in heavy smokers of 1.66 per 1000. These death rates showed that heavy smokers were more than 20 times more likely to die from lung cancer than non-smokers, an enormous rate-ratio that was not fully appreciated at the time (p-value < 0.01), and that the ex-smokers received additional protection from lung cancer mortality compared to current smokers (p-value <0.02). Doll and Hill also noted that smokers were 6 times more likely to have been diagnosed with chronic bronchitis compare to non-smokers. At the conclusion of their study, Doll and Hill reported that in their cohort of physicians there was a strong association between lung cancer mortality and smoking

Lung cancer is the second most basic disease, representing around one out of five malignancies in men and one out of nine in ladies. Sadly, in the course of recent years, while the occurrence of lung cancer has continuously declined in men, it has been rising alarmingly in ladies. In 1940 just seven ladies in 100,000 added to the malady; today the rate is 42 in 100,000. Furthermore, all the proof focuses to smoking as the bring about. As one expert in the handle reports, "To what extent it takes to get malignancy relies on upon what number of cigarettes you smoke a day." However, studies demonstrate that stopping smoking does bring down the danger.

Lung cancer is a disease that effects the lungs. This type of cancer initiates in the lungs. The lungs are two spongy like organs in the chest that take in oxygen when you inhale and release carbon dioxide when you exhale. People who smoke have the greatest risk of lung cancer. The risk increases with the numbers if cigarettes you have smoked. If a person quit smoking, they can reduce the chances of developing lung, cancer. It is estimated that about 90% of male lung cancer deaths and 75–80% of lung cancer deaths in the US are caused by smoking each year. Lung cancer has the lead in the most cancer deaths in the United States, with over 158,900 deaths in 1999, and worldwide, lung cancer kills over 1 million people a year.

Lung cancer has been the most common cancer in the world for several decades. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) estimates for 2012 was 1.8 million new cases which constituted 12.9% of the total number of new cancers diagnosed worldwide. Fifty eight percent of which occurred in the less developed regions. Lung cancer remains the most common cancer in men worldwide (1.2 million, 16.7% of the total) with the highest estimated age-adjusted incidence rates in Central and Eastern Europe (53.5 per 100,000) and

Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. There are many ways that lung cancer is caused, it can be inherited, you could be exposed to chemicals that damage the cells and tissue in your lungs/air pollution and smoking. Smoking is the main cause of lung cancer as the chemical ‘carcinogens’ damages the cells within your lungs and is pumped out to the other organs in your body.

My topic for this term paper will be lung cancer. This topic was chosen because I have pass family who've lost their lives to lung cancer. I believe the best way to start is by defining the disease. We will then take a glance at statistics and risk factors for lung cancer. Next will look at lung cancer symptoms, staging and treatment, and finally I will draw my final conclusion.

These revelations deal with the close link between cigarette smoking and the lung cancer (Doll and Hill, 1950) and then with other cancers (The Reports of the Surgeon General, 1964). Since these revelations on the mid 1900’s, the trend in consumption of cigarette smoking has declined despite of all the efforts made by tobacco companies. For example, they have engaged a massive cigarette advertising war on the tar and nicotine levels in cigarettes, as well as repositioned their brands and made innovations.