Lung Cancer Detection

However, there are stages in the lives of all humans when the body finds itself in a position where it is no longer able to defend itself against ailments and diseases and eventually may even lose the battle. One such disease which claims many lives every year in this manner is Cancer. So far so, there has been no cure for Cancer but some medicines and treatments are now available which can slow down and in some cases can even alter the effects of Cancer, depending on the stage at which the disease is at that moment. For this paper however we would concentrate on Lung Cancer and its effects.

Lung cancer can be caused by multiple factors and many factors can work together to cause someone to have lung cancer. Besides smoking, radon, secondhand smoke, the environment and someone’s occupation can all cause lung cancer. As we already know smoking is the number one cause of lung cancer cases worldwide and over forty-three million people just in the United States smoke cigarettes. There are more than fifty chemicals in tobacco smoke that are ingested each time someone smokes. Some of these chemicals include benzene (which can be found in pesticides and gasoline), Formaldehyde (which preserve dead bodies), pesticides (which are found on lawns and gardens) and Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (Martin, 2012). When a person inhales the chemicals in cigarettes, they inhale thousands of poisons, toxic metals, and

One of the leading and most avoidable risk factors of lung cancer is smoking. In both males and females smoking is linked to a higher incidence of lung cancer at an increase of 23% and 13% respectively. Smoking not only increases the likelihood of lung cancer, but has shown a correlation in higher risk of other cancers such as oral, laryngeal, pharyngeal, esophageal, pancreatic, ovarian, and multiple more. As a whole,

According to recent studies at Indiana Universty School of Medicine, alternative methods for detecting non-small cell lung cancer are emerging. The current methods of detecting NSCLC may be effective, but they are also very expensive. One method called a low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has been successful in identifying malignant tumors. However, routine LDCT screenings would result in 1.3 to 2 billion dollars nationally in health care costs annually. Deig, Mendonca, and Lautenschlaeger suggest that pursuing other methods of screening for NSCLC would significantly decrease this cost. If screenings could be conducted in a cost efficient and effective manner, then the expensive LDCT procedure would only have to be conducted for patients who

With more than 1.61 million cases recognized annually lung carcinoma is that the leading cause behind cancer connected loss of life among men and second main cause in the back of loss of life in women worldwide [Jemal et al., 2011]. Morphologically the lung cancer is divided into small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and adenocarcinoma (AC), with non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) accounting for 80% of all cases. [Brambilla et al., 2001]. The medical accomplishment in two decades has provided least effect on the treatment of the most cancers, the overall five year survival rate of NSCLC is roughly 15%.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death by cancer for both men and women in the United States (Stöppler, n.d., p. 3). As the name suggests, lung cancer is a cancer of the lung, where an abnormal growth of cells form a mass (tumor) on the lung (Stöppler, n.d., p. 2). This happens when a cell with aberrant DNA divides to create two new cells with the malformed DNA. This process occurs for each and every cell and because healthy lung tissue is not being made, a tumor develops. This tumor can be harmless, but in most cases, it is malignant and can have the potential to metastasize (“Lung Cancer 101,” n.d., p. 1). Lung cancer was not always the superior malady; in fact, only 1% of all cancers seen by the Institute of Pathology of the University of Dresden in 1878 were malignant lung cancers (Witschi, 2001). It appears

|Specific Purpose: |To inform readers on the causes, effects and treatments of lung cancer. |

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death and the second most diagnosed cancer in both

With the ceaseless quest in health research for improved outcomes in the management of cancer patients, novel approaches to screening, diagnosis, and treatment are highly sought after. In particular, effective and relatively low cost screening tests may play an invaluable role in reducing patient mortality resulting from diagnosis early in the disease process which is crucial for proactive measures and successful therapy. However, it is critical to remain mindful of the risk of harm related to false positive findings, over-diagnosis, and unnecessary invasive testing. Some promising recent developments in this area of research have suggested that the use of breath testing may yield substantial benefit for determining the presence of disease states (Hassanein et al., 2015). Since any changes in homeostatic balance can alter the measurable levels of human biomarkers, the components of breath exhalations may be useful diagnostic indicators for various diseases and metabolic disorders. Breath’s rich mixture of components contains numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) whose presence in trace amounts may be helpful in determining an individual’s health status. Despite the presence of these myriad VOSs, the composition of breath matrix is considerably less complex than blood or other bodily fluids. Analysis of these VOCs released from the body may be a noninvasive, painless, and easy diagnostic tool. Thus, breath analysis may prove especially useful for clinical screening

Lung cancer occurs when abnormal cells in one or both lungs grow in an uncontrolled way and form a mass called a neoplasm or tumour. The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system located in the chest cavity on either side of the heart. Lung cancer can originate anywhere in the lungs. Tumours can be benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign tumours do not spread to other parts of the body, although they may interfere with other areas of the body as they grow. They may come up as nodules or a ‘spot on the lung’ in an x-ray. A malignant tumour is characterised by its ability to spread to other parts of the body through a process known as metastasis. If the spread is not stopped,

Cancer is the most significant cause of death for both men and women is measured to be the main cause of cancer decease worldwide, and it is complex to detect in its early stages because symptoms emerge only in the advanced stages causing the mortality rate to be the highest among all other types of cancer. More people die since of lung cancer than any other types of cancer such as breast, colon, and prostate cancers. There is major evidence indicating that the early detection of lung cancer will reduce mortality rate. The majority recent estimate according to the latest figures provided by world health organization indicates that around 7.6 million deaths worldwide each year because of this type of cancer. Furthermore, mortality from cancer

Cancer is a disease that plagues millions of people annually (“Lung”). Lung cancer develops when healthy cells in the lungs are compromised by chemicals, pathogens, or radiation (Henderson). In the early twentieth century, before cigarette smoking and toxic man-made air pollutants became more commonplace, lung cancer was relatively rare (Henderson). It is now the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, resulting in an estimated 1.3 million deaths annually (“Lung”). Lung cancer is second only to breast cancer as the leading cause of death in women worldwide (“Lung”). In the United States, however, lung cancer is the leading cause of death in women (“Lung”). Lung cancer can occur at any age, but it occurs primarily between the ages of forty-five and seventy-five (“Lung”). The four leading causes of lung cancer are smoking cigarettes, exposure to radon, secondhand smoke, and asbestos exposure.

The focus of the research was strictly for lung cancer, which included both non-small cell and small cell lung cancers, however the grant did not consider research related to mesothelioma, thymic or other thoracic malignancies, or smoking prevention/cessation.

The topic of “organising a global clinical trial involving a new serum marker to detect the early onset of lung cancer” has many potential discussion points. Firstly, it is necessary to

It is speculated that cancer was given the name “crab” by early cultures due to the way the veins in the skin would spread like a crab’s foot when cancer was present. Although cancer was identified as a health problem in ancient times, very little was known about it. The first time that lung cancer was recognized was in the year 1761, and 50 years later different types of lung cancers began to be identified. Although human knowledge of lung cancer had increased, many important things about lung cancer were still not known. In 1954 the American Cancer Society discovered and publicly announced the link between smoking, and lung cancer. It is important to note that a German doctor discovered the link between smoking and lung cancer in 1928. As smoking became more popular, despite the severe health effects, the U.S. Government got involved and began to warn the general public of the effects of smoking. However the number of new cases of lung cancer continued to rise, along with the lung cancer death rate. In the 1980’s the public finally seemed to get the message as the lung cancer rate dropped by stunning 30%. In the period between the years 2000-2010, the number of new cases and the death rate of lung cancer both dropped significantly. This may be due in part to a better public understanding of the side effects of smoking.