Lung Cancer Introduction

Lung Cancer, like any other type of cancer, is the uncontrollable growth of cells in the lung tissue. The main causes that contribute to lung cancer include inhaling carcinogens (basically, smoking), exposure to ionizing radiation, viral infections and even air pollution. These factors basically damage the tissues lining the bronchi in the lung, leading the cancer to develop further (Vaporciyan & Nesbitt JC, 2000). Primary lung cancers that develop in the epithelial tissues of the lung are known as carcinomas and claim the top spot in terms of leading cancer-related death causes. As of 2004, lung cancer

Lung cancer occurs due to cells in a person’s lungs that multiple at a rapid pace, which form a malignant tumor. These tumors in the lungs take away important necessities such as oxygen, and nutrients; diminishes the ability of the tissue to properly function. One of the most type of common lung cancers is Adenocarcinoma, which make up to forty percent of these cases. Smoking is the primary reason for Americans to be diagnosed with lung cancer, with a cigarette containing more than 4,000 chemicals that have permanent damage to the lungs causing long term effects (Conrad 2016).

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death not only in the United States of America but globally.1 According to the World Health Organization 8.2 million deaths in 2012 were cancer related and of those deaths, 1.59 million were due specifically to lung cancer.2 In 2014, there was a staggering 224,210 new reported cases of lung cancer in the United States alone. The 5-year relative survival has a 49% to 2% variability depending on the type of lung cancer, stage, and location. The two major types of lung cancer are Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCL), which consists of 85% lung cancers, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which makes up the other 15% of lung cancers. NSCL is an epithelial lung cancer that is histologically comprised of adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.1 Both NSCL and SCLC are insidious in nature and the presentation will usually be vague or nonspecific and include the following symptoms: cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, weight loss, recurrent infections, coughing up blood, hoarseness, and wheezing.

With more than 1.61 million cases recognized annually lung carcinoma is that the leading cause behind cancer connected loss of life among men and second main cause in the back of loss of life in women worldwide [Jemal et al., 2011]. Morphologically the lung cancer is divided into small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and adenocarcinoma (AC), with non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) accounting for 80% of all cases. [Brambilla et al., 2001]. The medical accomplishment in two decades has provided least effect on the treatment of the most cancers, the overall five year survival rate of NSCLC is roughly 15%.

The theme of this journal article was to explain to the audience the various sub types of non-small cell lung cancer, its risk factors, and the different procedures a patient has to undergo in order for them to be diagnosed with cancer. It does a great job answering a vast amount of questions the audience can have regarding the disease itself, the procedures used for prognosis and diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer, and/ or the treatment available for patients with this disease. Overall, this report was very well detailed and provided the audience with a lot of

In 2015, 221,000 new cases of lung cancer will be diagnosed out of these cases. An estimated (86,380 in men and 71,660 women) will not survive this disease. Lung cancer is the leading cause of death out of all cancerous circumstances far exceeding that of the colon, breast, and prostate combined. As a result of the final decision made earlier this year by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to cover lung cancer screening with low-dose CT More men and women are expected to be diagnosed with lung cancer.

The survival advantage for those who stopped smoking was adjusted for demographics, disease stage and other health characteristics.” (science daily). 90-95% of lung cancers diagnosed are found in the lungs because of the epithelial cells (medicine.net). Lung cancer is the most leading death in the US and the world (medicine.net). There are many ways to prevent lung cancer, some ways are as follows: reduce/quit smoking; cigarettes have over 600 chemical ingredients and when lit, over 4000 chemicals are released into your body. After two to four months of being diagnosed with SCLC, more than half of the patients die (medicine.net). However, after 5 years of diagnosis, patients survival rate is down to 5-10% (medicine.net). NSCLC has the best survival rate at 75% after 5 years (medicine.net). The reason why the survival rate is so high for NSCLC is because the lung can be treated upon with different procedures and the cancer spreads slowly throughout the body. “The overall prognosis for lung cancer is poor when compared with some other cancers. Survival rates for lung cancer are generally lower than those for most cancers, with an overall five-year survival rate for lung cancer of about 17% compared to 67% for colon cancer, 90% for breast cancer, 81% for bladder cancer, and over 99% for prostate cancer.”

Lung cancer mainly occurs in older people, but may occur in younger people as well. Many people who are diagnosed with lung cancer do not live passed the 5 year survival rate. People with stage 4 who make it passed the one year mark with stage 4 lung cancer often lucky. There are several lung cancer risks. Many people may experience a cough that does not go away or gets worse. The person may have chest pain that is often worse when taking a deep breath. The cough and chest pain are often mistaken for pneumonia. The person may experience weight loss and loss of appetite. In the late stages the person may have shortness of breath and feel tired or weak. Lung cancer could be diagnosed in a variety of ways. Lung cancer is often found when the person is having signs or symptoms. X-rays, magnetic fields, sound waves, or radioactive substances create pictures of the inside of your body. Imaging tests may be done for a number of reasons both before and after a diagnosis of lung cancer (cancer.org). X rays may not be able to pick up lung cancer sometimes so it is best to use another imaging test. A cat scan is more likely to show images of a tumor than a chest x

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death by cancer for both men and women in the United States (Stöppler, n.d., p. 3). As the name suggests, lung cancer is a cancer of the lung, where an abnormal growth of cells form a mass (tumor) on the lung (Stöppler, n.d., p. 2). This happens when a cell with aberrant DNA divides to create two new cells with the malformed DNA. This process occurs for each and every cell and because healthy lung tissue is not being made, a tumor develops. This tumor can be harmless, but in most cases, it is malignant and can have the potential to metastasize (“Lung Cancer 101,” n.d., p. 1). Lung cancer was not always the superior malady; in fact, only 1% of all cancers seen by the Institute of Pathology of the University of Dresden in 1878 were malignant lung cancers (Witschi, 2001). It appears

The symptoms of non-small-cell lung cancer is hard to be noticed in the early stages,

|Specific Purpose: |To inform readers on the causes, effects and treatments of lung cancer. |

Lung growth (both little cell and non-little cell) is the second most normal malignancy in both men and ladies (not including skin growth). In men, prostate malignancy is more basic, while in ladies bosom malignancy is more regular. Around 14% of every single new growth is lung growths. The American Growth Society 's evaluations for lung malignancy in the Assembled States for 2016 are: Around 224,390 new instances of lung disease (117,920 in men and 106,470 in ladies), about158, 080 passing’s from lung disease (85,920 in men and 72,160 in ladies)

For this project I decided to research lung cancer. My grandfather had lung cancer for years and is cleared for now. One main cause of lung cancer is smoking. Heavier smokers have a bigger chance of getting this disease unlike light smokers. Young smokers also have a increasing risk of getting lung cancer too. When you are exposed to gases or if you are a welder; have an increasing chance. People ages 45 and 75 get lung cancer primarily.

The focus of the research was strictly for lung cancer, which included both non-small cell and small cell lung cancers, however the grant did not consider research related to mesothelioma, thymic or other thoracic malignancies, or smoking prevention/cessation.

Lung cancer is any type of cancer that begins in the lungs, although it is still considered lung cancer after it spreads to other parts of the body. Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the U.S. and worldwide. Forty percent of people will be diagnosed with lung cancer within their life span. Lung cancer, as with all cancers, is very complex, so the best way to comprehend it is to break it down into easily analyzed topics. The first topic that must be analyzed is cancer as a whole-what it is, what causes it, and what can be done about it. After this essential knowledge is gained, it is possible to analyze lung cancer from an informed angle, understanding the statistics, research, and various classifications. Lung cancer is