Lung Cancer: Malignant Tumors

2. Team definition of lung Cancer – a group of abnormal cells that grows Lung diseases 1. Tuberculosis 2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Transition: we have discussed the causes, lets look at the risk factors including some environmental ones.)

INTRODUCTION What are lung cancers? Lung cancers are the abnormal cells which grow in uncontrolled manner in one or both lungs. They do not function as normal lung cells and do not develop into healthy lung tissue. The abnormal cells can grow, form tumours and interfere with the normal functions of the lung (Lungcancer.org, 2015). Lung cancers can be divided into two major types, namely non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancers (SCLC). NSCLC can be further classified into three main subtypes, namely adenocarcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma and large-cell carcinoma (Longo & Harrison, 2012). Lung cancers can be diagnosed by chest X-ray, computerised tomography (CT) scan, positron emission tomography-computerised tomography (PET-CT) scan, bronchoscopy and biopsy (Nhs.uk, 2015). Unfortunately, lung cancers are often diagnosed at the later stages. This is due to the unrecognisable symptoms and warning signs at the earlier stages. NSCLC are often diagnosed at stage IV which accounts for 30-40% of cases whereas 60% of SCLC is diagnosed at stage IV. Lung cancer usually originates from the cells lining the bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli. Carcinogens especially tobacco smoke will alter the gene expression of the normal human lung cells, resulting in cell mutation. The proto-oncogenes will be converted to mutated form, oncogenes. Mutation leads to the decreased expression of the tumour suppressor genes. This results in uncontrolled cell proliferation, cell

However, there are stages in the lives of all humans when the body finds itself in a position where it is no longer able to defend itself against ailments and diseases and eventually may even lose the battle. One such disease which claims many lives every year in this manner is Cancer. So far so, there has been no cure for Cancer but some medicines and treatments are now available which can slow down and in some cases can even alter the effects of Cancer, depending on the stage at which the disease is at that moment. For this paper however we would concentrate on Lung Cancer and its effects.

LUNG CANCER Mohamed Almasmary Bio240 Anatomy Physiology 1 4/13/14 Lung cancer is a cancer (malignancy) that originates in the tissues of the lungs or the cells lining the airways. Lung cancer originates when normal lung cells become cancer cells, usually after a series of mutations, and begin to divide out of control.

Brief Description: Lung cancer, as with all cancers, is an uncontrollable increase of cells. It happens within the lung tissue, but it could also go on to affect other nearby tissue and spread to further out than just the lungs. Cellular / Molecular Basis: Lung cancer has two types; small

Beneath the lungs, a slender, arch formed muscle called the stomach isolates the mid-section from the guts. When you inhale, the stomach climbs and down, compelling air all through the lungs. Lung tumor begins when cells of the lung get to be anomalous and start to become crazy. As more disease cells create, they can frame into a tumor and spread to different regions of the body. Non-little cell lung growth is a gathering of lung tumors that act likewise, for example, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Side effects are a hack that won't leave, shortness of breath, weight reduction, or hacking up blood. Medicines incorporate surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Lung disease begins when cells of the lung get to be strange and start to become crazy. As more malignancy cells create, they can frame into a tumor and spread to different ranges of the body. Around 80% to 85% of lung growths are non-little cell lung malignancy (NSCLC). There are subtypes of NSCLC, which begin from various sorts of lung cells. Be that as it may, they are assembled together as NSCLC on the grounds that the way to deal with treatment and guess are regularly

Lung Cancer Lung cancer is a tumor that affects either one or both of the lungs.A primary cancer begins in the lungs and a secondary cancer begins in another place in the body and makes its way up towards the lungs. Lung cancer is the 5th most common cancer. In Australia 59% of males were diagnosed were as 41% of Australian females were diagnosed.

With more than 1.61 million cases recognized annually lung carcinoma is that the leading cause behind cancer connected loss of life among men and second main cause in the back of loss of life in women worldwide [Jemal et al., 2011]. Morphologically the lung cancer is divided into small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and adenocarcinoma (AC), with non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) accounting for 80% of all cases. [Brambilla et al., 2001]. The medical accomplishment in two decades has provided least effect on the treatment of the most cancers, the overall five year survival rate of NSCLC is roughly 15%.

The Genetics of Lung Cancer Catherine Hayworth BIO 355A/357A June 14, 2012 Colorado Christian University Cancer can be one of the hardest battles that one must face, whether that battle is lost or won, it changes the lives of everyone involved. Lung cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancers and it affects the lining of the lungs and the ability to breathe. Lung cancer is the number one killer of men and women than any other cancer worldwide. This cancer is mostly found in smokers and this is why professionals are targeting this population for testing for diagnosing early and possibly saving a life (www.ncb.nlm.nih.gov). Lung cancer refers to the malignancies that originate in the airways or pulmonary parenchyma.

Symptoms vary depending on the type. Although it is possible for cancer to strike at any age, most patients with invasive cancer are over 65. The increased risk is believed to be due to the random chance of developing any cancer, the likelihood of surviving the first cancer, the same risk factors that produced the first cancer, unwanted side effects of treating the first cancer (particularly radiation therapy), and to better compliance with screening.

Lung cancer happens when abnormal cells (cancer cells) reproduce in your lungs. Your body thinks that these cells are harmful and starts attacking them, making your entire body very weak and sick. There are two main types of lung cancer: primary and secondary. Secondary lung cancer starts in another part of your body and spreads to your lungs. Primary lung cancer is when the cancer originates in your lungs.

Lung cancer is a type of cancer that starts on the cells lining the bronchi and other parts of the lungs. Lung cancer claims more lives than colon, prostate, ovarian, and breast cancer combined. It is thought that lung cancer starts in areas of pre-cancerous changes in the lungs. It then will develop into lung cancer over time. There are 2 main types of lung cancer, small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type of lung cancer. Symptoms of lung cancer do not usually appear until a later stage of lung cancer. Some

Context Lung cancer is the most terminal of all cancers, killing more people than colon The respiratory system is made up of several important parts, including the trachea or “windpipe” where the cancer is most likely to originate (see fig.2 for location). Other parts include the pleura; the thin coating separated from the lungs by a small amount of liquid. This is in place to allow for easier breathing and to not corrode the chest walls when individual is inhaling. Lungs are heavily impacted by the formation of cancer because of the fact that they keep blood pumping to the heart and without that, the heart stops and breathing of the individual ceases resulting in

A more specific definition of lung cancer is that it is a type of cancer that happens when a cell starts to grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor in one or both lungs (2). Although lung cancer can start in other places of the respiratory system, it usually begins in the lining of the bronchi (3). It begins due to a change, or mutation, in a cell's genetic material, which leads the cell losing its ability to control its growth (2). This mutation is caused by environmental or hereditary reasons, but doctors usually are not able to identify the exact cause (4). However, it is important to examine a cancerous cell under a microscope because that helps the doctors identify the type of lung cancer, so they can give the best treatment to the patients

Lung cancer is a malignant cellular transformation and growth of the lung and the airway tissues. It is usually divided into two main types: Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC, 15%) and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC, 85%) with the latter further subdivided into several subtypes such as Squamous carcinoma, Large Cell carcinoma, and Adenocarcinoma among other rare subtypes. Each subtype has its own unique growth and spread pattern with some being more aggressive than others. Lung cancer is staged according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) using the TNM system, where T stands for the size, N for nodal involvement and M for the presence of distant metastases. The knowledge of the lung cancer main types, subtypes and stage, and the presence of specific molecular and genetic signatures, help the clinician determine the appropriate treatment approaches be it surgical, radiation, chemotherapy and the combination of, in addition to the appropriate type of chemotherapy regimen. (SEER, ACS, AJCC, 2014)