Lung Cancer: Malignant Tumors

What are lung cancers? Lung cancers are the abnormal cells which grow in uncontrolled manner in one or both lungs. They do not function as normal lung cells and do not develop into healthy lung tissue. The abnormal cells can grow, form tumours and interfere with the normal functions of the lung (Lungcancer.org, 2015). Lung cancers can be divided into two major types, namely non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancers (SCLC). NSCLC can be further classified into three main subtypes, namely adenocarcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma and large-cell carcinoma (Longo & Harrison, 2012). Lung cancers can be diagnosed by chest X-ray, computerised tomography (CT) scan, positron emission tomography-computerised tomography (PET-CT) scan, bronchoscopy and biopsy (Nhs.uk, 2015). Unfortunately, lung cancers are often diagnosed at the later stages. This is due to the unrecognisable symptoms and warning signs at the earlier stages. NSCLC are often diagnosed at stage IV which accounts for 30-40% of cases whereas 60% of SCLC is diagnosed at stage IV. Lung cancer usually originates from the cells lining the bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli. Carcinogens especially tobacco smoke will alter the gene expression of the normal human lung cells, resulting in cell mutation. The proto-oncogenes will be converted to mutated form, oncogenes. Mutation leads to the decreased expression of the tumour suppressor genes. This results in uncontrolled cell proliferation, cell

Lung Cancer, like any other type of cancer, is the uncontrollable growth of cells in the lung tissue. The main causes that contribute to lung cancer include inhaling carcinogens (basically, smoking), exposure to ionizing radiation, viral infections and even air pollution. These factors basically damage the tissues lining the bronchi in the lung, leading the cancer to develop further (Vaporciyan & Nesbitt JC, 2000). Primary lung cancers that develop in the epithelial tissues of the lung are known as carcinomas and claim the top spot in terms of leading cancer-related death causes. As of 2004, lung cancer

Lung cancer is a cancer (malignancy) that originates in the tissues of the lungs or the cells lining the airways. Lung cancer originates when normal lung cells become cancer cells, usually after a series of mutations, and begin to divide out of control.

Brief Description: Lung cancer, as with all cancers, is an uncontrollable increase of cells. It happens within the lung tissue, but it could also go on to affect other nearby tissue and spread to further out than just the lungs.

As generations of diseases and cures continue to be created, the increase of cancer multiply each day. Although there are many recurring cancers through genes and natural behavior, lung cancer is one of the recurrent cancers that continue to grow; either it has to do with natural behavior or genetics. Lung cancer begins to occur when cells in your lungs begin to grow uncontrollably. This disease is infectious and severe because not only will the cancer affect your lungs which affects your breathing, but also spread throughout your body and affect other organs as well

Lung cancer is a tumor that affects either one or both of the lungs.A primary cancer begins in the lungs and a secondary cancer begins in another place in the body and makes its way up towards the lungs. Lung cancer is the 5th most common cancer. In Australia 59% of males were diagnosed were as 41% of Australian females were diagnosed.

It is wise, however, to have a doctor monitor the tumor over at least a two-years period in order to note any changes that might indicate the presence of cancer. Also, a biopsy or surgical removal of a tumor may be needed when the patient is a smoker, the patient has difficulty breathing, or other troubling symptoms, tests show that the cancer could be present, and the nodule continue to grow. The malignant lung cancer is divided into non- small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, and lung carcinoid tumor. First, the non- small lung cancer is A group of lung cancers that are named for the kinds of cells found in the cancer and how the cells look under a microscope. The cancer cells of each type grow and spread in different ways. The three main types of non-small cell lung cancer are squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common kind of lung cancer. The first type of the non- small cell cancer is squamous cell carcinoma About 25% to 30% of all lung cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. These cancers start in early versions of squamous cells, which are flat cells that line the inside of the airways in the lungs. They are often linked to a history of smoking and tend to be found in the central part of the lungs, near a main airway (bronchus). The second type is larger cell carcinoma this type accounts for about 10% to 15% of lung cancers. It can appear in any part of the lung. It tends to grow and spread quickly, which can make it harder to treat. A subtype of large cell carcinoma, known as large cell, neuroendocrine carcinoma, is a fast-growing cancer that is very similar to small cell lung cancer. The third type of non- small cell lung cancer is adenocarcinoma about 40% of lung cancers are adenocarcinomas. that begins in the cells that line the alveoli and make substances such as

Lung cancer is an uncontrolled growth of cells in the lungs, it can occur in only one lung or both. When cells in the lungs divide uncontrollably it eventually forms a tumor in the lungs. Tumors are a mass of the build-up

Lung Cancer is one of the most deadly types of cancer. ?Lung cancer kills more Americans than the next five cancers combined? (Jameson). Lung cancer can be caused by smoking, second hand smoke, pollution, and chemicals. ?Some symptoms of lung cancer may be someone who has a cough that doesn?t go away or gets worse, chest pain that is often worse with deep breathing or coughing or laughing, hoarseness, weight loss and loss of appetite, coughing up blood or rust- colored spit, shortness of breath, felling tired or weak, infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia that don?t go away or keep coming back, new onset of wheezing, and often showing no symptoms until it?s too late? (Ungar). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a risk factor for developing lung cancer, and have a poor chance of treatment after having lung cancer. People don?t know cancer can kill them. There four stages of lung cancer one through four. . The four stages of lung cancer are in stage one the cancer is only in the lungs and nowhere else yet. In stage two the cancer is in the lungs and is moving nearby the lymph nodes. The third stage of lung cancer has spread to the middle of the chest. In the last and final stage of cancer is the worse of them all it has went into both lungs and fluid around the lung or to other parts of the body such as organs or liver

Lung cancer is a type of cancer that starts on the cells lining the bronchi and other parts of the lungs. Lung cancer claims more lives than colon, prostate, ovarian, and breast cancer combined. It is thought that lung cancer starts in areas of pre-cancerous changes in the lungs. It then will develop into lung cancer over time. There are 2 main types of lung cancer, small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type of lung cancer. Symptoms of lung cancer do not usually appear until a later stage of lung cancer. Some

Lung cancer is a malignant lung tumor defined by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. Malignant tumors of this type can expand throughout the person's body through their bloodstream or lymphatic system. Lung cancer is very life-threatening; it is a leading cause of cancer death in men and women in the United States. Lung cancer is one of the most typical cancers in the world. Lung cancer has the ability to transfuse to any organ in the body, although some organs are more commonly touched; such as the liver, brain, and adrenal glands. Lung cancer can also involve in the bones as well. The lung's main function is the interchange of gases between the air a person breathes and the blood in their body. The lungs withdraw carbon dioxide

(Transition: we have discussed the causes, lets look at the risk factors including some environmental ones.)

Lung cancer is a malignancy that affects the functionality of the lungs. In the early stages of lung cancer there are hardly any symptoms than in the later stages where they begin to appear. Some of the symptoms that can appear is chest pain, a persistent cough, coughing up blood, weight loss, headaches, and wheezing.

Lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in both men and women with an estimated 222,500 new cases expected to be diagnosed in 2017, and an estimated 155,870 deaths, more than any other cancer site (1). A minority of lung cancers (only 16%) are diagnosed at a localized stage which is the only window of disease that is potentially curable with surgery (2). Nonetheless, 5-year survival ranges between 30-50% for lung cancers diagnosed at stage I or II, thus despite early detection and curative resection, a significant proportion of patients will die from recurrent disease within 5 years (1, 2).

Lung cancer, like other cancers is a disease attributed by excessive growth of cells and tissues in the lungs unlike other cancers which occur in different parts. This disorder is typically capable of spreading to other parts of the body and affecting them viciously. Cancers of the lungs are also known as carcinomas. A carcinoma is a strain of cancer that grows from epithelial cells primarily developing from tissues in the inside or outside surfaces of the body. The spread of the uncontrolled growing cells and tissue to the other parts of the body is known as metastasis (Reck et al., 2014). Symptoms of having lung cancer include coughing up blood, panting (short repeated breaths), weight loss, and feeling pain in