Lung Cancer Research Paper

What are lung cancers? Lung cancers are the abnormal cells which grow in uncontrolled manner in one or both lungs. They do not function as normal lung cells and do not develop into healthy lung tissue. The abnormal cells can grow, form tumours and interfere with the normal functions of the lung (Lungcancer.org, 2015). Lung cancers can be divided into two major types, namely non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancers (SCLC). NSCLC can be further classified into three main subtypes, namely adenocarcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma and large-cell carcinoma (Longo & Harrison, 2012). Lung cancers can be diagnosed by chest X-ray, computerised tomography (CT) scan, positron emission tomography-computerised tomography (PET-CT) scan, bronchoscopy and biopsy (Nhs.uk, 2015). Unfortunately, lung cancers are often diagnosed at the later stages. This is due to the unrecognisable symptoms and warning signs at the earlier stages. NSCLC are often diagnosed at stage IV which accounts for 30-40% of cases whereas 60% of SCLC is diagnosed at stage IV. Lung cancer usually originates from the cells lining the bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli. Carcinogens especially tobacco smoke will alter the gene expression of the normal human lung cells, resulting in cell mutation. The proto-oncogenes will be converted to mutated form, oncogenes. Mutation leads to the decreased expression of the tumour suppressor genes. This results in uncontrolled cell proliferation, cell

A common form of cancer that is very popular today is lung cancer. Lung cancer is a very dangerous form that can cause problems in simple body functions. These simple body functions are short breath and general fatigue. Lung cancer is commonly formed from smokers that has been exposed to that activity for numerous years. Lung cancer can also be spread by being exposed to asbestos or other pollutants. This form of cancer has many risk factors to it. These risk factors are high levels of air pollution, arsenic drinking water, and radon gas. Radon gas is a gas that is highly radioactive and is very sensitive to the body. Once radon is exposed to the body, it has a very high respiration rate which initially divide its radioactive cells- causing more significant damage to the body.

Patient stated that her siblings were born in a hospital. Mariano Saquilayan, grandfather, died at the age of 61 from lung cancer. Patient states that her grandfather smoked for a long time; therefore, leading to the result of lung cancer. Patient’s parents from her father’s side are diagnosed with diabetes, unknown of type (ages 80 and 77). Uncle on father’s side, Reynaldo Vinzon, developed diabetes at age 55; patient is unknown of type of diabetes. Patient’s uncle, Arnel Saquilayan, on her mother’s side is 55 years old and diagnosed with Polio and uncle, Manny Saquilayan, of 48 years old is diagnosed with heart disease. Patient is unaware of the type of disease. Patient’s parents both have hypertension and is currently taking medication for

Cancer occurs as an result of mutations in the genes responsible for regulating the growth of cells and keeping them healthy. Normally, the cells in our bodies replace themselves , healthy new cells take over as old ones die out, but, over time, mutations can “turn on” certain genes and “turn off” others in a cell. That changed cell gains the ability to keep dividing without control or order, producing more cells like it and forming a tumor.

Fig.42 :The tumor detection. A grade 2 periosteal chondrosarcoma in the humeral shaft. (A) Axial T2-weighted image before surgery. There is a small lesion hyperintense on the image (circle) in the posterior periosteum of the humeral shaft. (B) Axial diffusion weighted image. The tumor is hyperintense on DWI sequence (circle), easier to detect because of the high tissue contrast. (C) Axial T2-weighted image 6 months after the surgery. There is a very small residue of the tumor in the surgical site (circle), which is difficult to find on conventional MR imaging. (D) Axial diffusion-weighted image. The tumoral residue shows hyperintensity on diffusion-weighted image sequence (circle), which facilitates the detection. quoted from (Costa et al.,

Imagine you are running and with each step your breath becomes shorter and shorter. Your lungs are working twice as hard and you have not even gone half way. Sweat is running down your forehead as is becomes harder for you to breath. You used to be able to run with such ease but now you are out of breath. While thinking back at what has changed to make your breathing so heavy you drop your pack of cigarettes. Smoking cigarettes is a dangerous habit. Not only can it cause cancer and other health problems to yourself but it can also pose a risk to others. Many people get addicted to smoking cigarettes. They may have been pressured into trying one or have seen a commercial about smoking and wanted to try it out for himself. Some find pleasure in smoking and use it as a relaxation from their stressful lives but that is not a good enjoyment.

I decided to choose small cell lung cancer because I have 1st hand knowledge about small cell lung cancer and the effects it has on human lives. Many people who are diagnosed with small cell lung cancer are often diagnosed in the late stages. Small cell often spreads very quickly and is very aggressive .Many people believe that everyone who has lung cancer received lung cancer from smoking, which is often not true. Smoking does increase a person’s chance of lung cancer, but no everyone that has lung cancer got it from smoking. After researching the topic for a various amount of time, I learned that women who are nonsmokers are often diagnosed with lung cancer. Small cell lung cancer often starts in the bronchi near the center of the chest. Small cell lung cancer

Tobacco use is the number one cause of lung cancer, but people who don't smoke may get lung cancer secondhand. The risks of developing lung cancer are related to three main factors: the age when a person started smoking, how long a person has

Among all types of cancer, lung cancer is a very common and highly lethal cancer. Lung cancer is an insidious disease not showing symptoms in its early stages, thus the diagnosis in most cases is done in cases of advanced disease. Shows an increase by 2% year on their worldwide incidence. Mortality from this tumor is very high and the prognosis of this disease is related to the phase where it is diagnosed.

Symptoms vary depending on the type. Although it is possible for cancer to strike at any age, most patients with invasive cancer are over 65. The increased risk is believed to be due to the random chance of developing any cancer, the likelihood of surviving the first cancer, the same risk factors that produced the first cancer, unwanted side effects of treating the first cancer (particularly radiation therapy), and to better compliance with screening.

Lung cancer is a type of cancer that starts on the cells lining the bronchi and other parts of the lungs. Lung cancer claims more lives than colon, prostate, ovarian, and breast cancer combined. It is thought that lung cancer starts in areas of pre-cancerous changes in the lungs. It then will develop into lung cancer over time. There are 2 main types of lung cancer, small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type of lung cancer. Symptoms of lung cancer do not usually appear until a later stage of lung cancer. Some

Cancer is a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells. In a cancerous cell cycle, the cell ignores the signals that tell them to stop, and it just keeps dividing. Normal cells stop dividing when your body do not need anything else, but cancer cells just continue to go through cell cycle to make more copies. Also, cancer cells do not need anything to stimulated their growth, and it can spread to other parts of the body. The most common causes of cancer are tobacco, alcohol, overweight, obesity, dietary factors, physical inactivity, chronic infections, radiation, sun and UV exposure. The most common types of cancer are lung (158,080 deaths per year), liver (27,170 deaths per year), stomach (10,730 deaths per year),colorectal

Lungs are a major part of the respiratory system. They are responsible for filtering carbon dioxide out of the air we inhale and sending oxygen into the bloodstream to aid in breathing. When that system is tampered with, things can go wrong. Different treatment methods have different levels of success and each target certain areas of the cancer in attempt to destroy the disease. This report investigates the effects of cancer on the lungs and will look at whether or not physical activity positively affects the growth/diminishment of the cancerous cells.

I decided to do my cancer research paper on Lung cancer because a lot of people i know smoke . There are many ways to get Lung cancer as in smoking, or being around someone who is smoking (2nd hand smoking). Smoking is responsible for over 80% of deaths and 2nd hand for many more. This cancer can cause you to have trouble breathing, coughing up blood, changes in voice, or pain in chest, shoulders, or back.

(Transition: we have discussed the causes, lets look at the risk factors including some environmental ones.)