Lung Cancer: The Leading Cause Of Death In The World

The leading cause of cancer death for both men and women in the United States and worldwide is lung cancer. Lung cancer is responsible for thirty percent of cancer deaths in the United States. The deaths caused by breast cancer, colon cancer and prostate cancer combined do not add up to the deaths that lung cancer causes. In 2007, 158,683 people, 88,243 men and 70,354 women died from lung cancer in the United States (Eldridge, 2012). Out of the 158,683 people that died from lung cancer in 2007, 135,000 of them died of lung cancer caused by smoking cigarettes. The overall survival rate of those with lung cancer is at about fifteen percent.

It is no secret that cancer is leading cause of death in the world. It was estimated that in 2012, 14.1 million new cases of cancer occurred worldwide and 8.2 million people died as a result of cancer [1]. Cancer prevalence is increasing at an alarming rate, yet the progress of treatment has been slow, with benefits of treatment being measured in only months or even weeks. Most patients with a specific type of cancer at a certain stage will receive the exact same form of treatment, but it has been made clear that while the treatment works well for some, it does not for a significant amount of others. The treatment that patients receive today is based on

Breast Cancer is the most common form of cancer found in women in the United states and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Although it is more common in women, men can also develop breast cancer as it forms through cells in the breast. As stated by the cancer center of America “The milk-producing ducts and glands are the two most likely areas to develop cancerous cells.” This is why it is most common in females, as males lack the ducts and glands that women have making them more vulnerable to develop cancerous cells.

Cancer is a disease that plagues millions of people annually (“Lung”). Lung cancer develops when healthy cells in the lungs are compromised by chemicals, pathogens, or radiation (Henderson). In the early twentieth century, before cigarette smoking and toxic man-made air pollutants became more commonplace, lung cancer was relatively rare (Henderson). It is now the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, resulting in an estimated 1.3 million deaths annually (“Lung”). Lung cancer is second only to breast cancer as the leading cause of death in women worldwide (“Lung”). In the United States, however, lung cancer is the leading cause of death in women (“Lung”). Lung cancer can occur at any age, but it occurs primarily between the ages of forty-five and seventy-five (“Lung”). The four leading causes of lung cancer are smoking cigarettes, exposure to radon, secondhand smoke, and asbestos exposure.

Cancer, the uncontrolled, rapid and pathological proliferation of abnormal cells is the growing public problem whose estimated worldwide new incidence is about 6 million cases per year. It is one of the most dreaded diseases of the 20th century and spreading further with continuous and increasing incidence in 21st century. This is the second leading cause of human death after cardiovascular diseases in developing as well as advanced countries. Although there are many therapeutic strategies including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, high systemic toxicity and drug resistance limit the successful outcomes in most cases

Lung cancer occur when the lung cell become abnormal and grow uncontrollably till they form into a tumor and spread to other areas of the body. Lung cancer is among the leading cancer in both men and women. Estimate about 1 out of 4 deaths recorded cause by lung cancer. It is usually occur mainly in an older people which is 65 year and

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2014), lung cancer begins in the lungs and may spread to lymph nodes or other organs in the body. Lung cancer is categorized into two main types, but the most common type is non-small cell lung cancer. This type name is based on how the cancer cell shape looks under a microscope. Lung cancer is considered a deadly disease for both genders. According to the American Lung Association (ALA) (n.d.), in this current year, 13% of all cancer diagnoses and 27% of all cancer deaths in the United States have been because of the lung cancer disease. In addition, in this year, approximately 158,040 people in America, both men and women, are estimated to die from lung cancer. The principal

Cancer, a group of disease which are a menace to the world at the moment usually is doted as a sword of death and which everyone tries to avoid getting face to face with in their lifetimes. Even with the advancement in the medical research which is effective enough to tackle and cure cancer in the initial stages, the treatments offered to the cancer patients are usually laden with an array of side effects which pose to be a problem in the later days to come.

Cancer represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for 8.2 million deaths in 2012. According to the last World Health Organization report, It reveals that it is expected that the global burden of cancer will rise from an estimated 14 million new cases per year in 2012 to 22 within the next two decades because of the aging and growth of the world population and an increasing adoption of cancer-causing behaviors. Lung, liver, stomach, colorectal and breast cancers cause the most cancer deaths each year. Cancer is spreading in the whole world, where Africa, Asia and Central and South America account for 70% of the world’s cancer deaths and more than 60% of world’s total new annual cases. Modern cancer therapy are radiotherapy, surgeries and chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is the most commonly used. Many anticancer agents where developed during the several past years. Some of these agents were effective and others failed and was withdrawn from the market. The majority of drugs used for the treatment of cancer today are cytotoxic, because they interfere with the operation of the cell's DNA. Although these agents are potent they have the potential to be very harmful to the body unless they are very specific to cancer cells which is something difficult to achieve. Furthermore, the most potent anti-cancer agents used recently have many serious side effects that reduce their clinical efficacy. Nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and low blood count, which in

Cancer is among the leading cause of death worldwide. In 2015 there has been an estimated 1,658,370 new cancer diagnoses and 589,430 deaths in the United States. Moving forward in cancer treatment and prevention means exploring the mechanisms that fuel the disease such as glycolysis. Glucose is an essential source of energy to both humans and animals required for cell energy and a carbon source for cell building. Catabolism of glucose known as glycolysis is elevated in cancers, especially cancers with rapid growth rates. This discovery leads to the studies of hexokinase-II (HK-II) which is the enzyme responsible for the increased glucose within the cell cycles. This research will focus on the enzyme HK-II.

According to the World Health Organization, cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and has the most devastating economic impact of any cause of death in the world. One of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality is gastric cancer, and that is due to the low rate of its diagnosis in its’ early stages as unfortunately, even the methods available for early detection of gastric cancer such as tumor biomarkers, are not very sensitive or efficient. Therefore, this proposal aims at non-invasive early detection of gastric cancer by firstly separating the blood plasma proteins albumin and globulin from mice with gastric cancer and healthy mice using chromatography, then enhancing them with biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles, and finally performing spectral analysis using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, which is expected to provide information-filled, unique signatures of the biochemical components of whole proteins and clear non-overlapping peaks and clusters where the gastric cancer group can be explicitly distinguished from the normal group with 100% diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.

Lung Carcinoma commonly known as lung cancer is a kind of cancer that starts in the lungs. The people with the highest risk of getting lung cancer is the people who smoke. Smoking is increases the patient’s risk of getting lung cancer with the length of time the patient smokes and the number of cigarettes the patient smoked. However, if the patient quits smoking, even after smoking for many years, the patient can significantly reduce their chances of developing lung cancer. (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015) For lungs to get lung cancer it needs to be a continued exposure to cancer-promoting agents and a buildup of multiple genetic mutations before becoming an abnormal growth of tissue. Some patients with lung cancer have secondary or additional mutations in genes that stimulating cell growth like K-ras and MYC causing irregularities in growth factor receptor signaling like EGFR and HER2/neu, inhibiting cell death, paying into the production of atypical cells. Additionally, alterations that hinder the tumor-suppressor genes like p53 and APC that can lead to cancer. Genes like these are mainly accountable for the lung cancer are called oncogenic driver mutations. Even though these mutations can cause/contribute to lung cancer among smokers, the mutations are predominantly possible to be a cause of lung cancer amid nonsmokers. The other risks to get lung cancer would be air pollution, exposure to cigar smoke and second-hand cigarette smoke, along with exposure to carcinogens. If the

Cancer can be seen as a group of diseases with a genetic compound that can affect any part of the body. It is a major cause of death in the world, which is affecting 13% of the population, leading public health problem that comes with an economic burden. When cancer is detected in an early state, there is an increase in the chances of survival but when not, problems will rise up which hinders lack of sensitive thereby, making cancer difficult to locate because of the small amount of circulating cancer cells and low expression of biomarkers or specific molecular markers.

At the moment breast cancer is the leading cause cancer related deaths in females. This mortality rate seems to stay around the same due to something called cancer metastasis(the growth of another cancerous tumor away from the primary tumor. And for this reason they

Cancer is a group of over 100 diseases involving uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body with very high potential to spread to other body parts. Untreated cancers can cause serious illness and may lead to the death of the individual. In humans, over two hundred different forms of cancers have been identified, affecting more than sixty organs and claiming millions of lives worldwide.1 In the modern era, cancer is one of the major public health problems worldwide. Based on the GOBOCAN report, about 14.1 million new cancer cases and 8.2 million deaths occurred worldwide in 2012.2 It is one of the deadliest diseases and continues to be on the list of top five diseases with highest mortality rate. According to the American Cancer Society, in the United States 1,658,370 new cancer cases are expected to be diagnosed, out of which 589,430 patients are expected to lose their battle against cancer in 2015.3 Currently, cancer is the second most common cause of death in the US after heart diseases, causing the deaths of about 1,620 people per day and is expected to become number one within next few years.4 The significant increase in a number of cancer patients every year has propelled the interest of scientists to hunt for novel therapies to treat cancer. As a result, many new advances have been made over the last two decades towards the diagnosis and treatment of this deadly disease.5-11