Rylee Coder
Biology period 4
May 19, 2013
Lung Cancer in Humans and the Rat Respiratory System The human respiratory system is very similar, if not practically identical, to the respiratory system of a rat. The only notable difference is the division of the lobes in human lungs. The left lung of a rat is composed of 1 lobe, while the right lung has 4 lobes. The right lung of a human contains 3 lobes and the left lung is composed of 2 lobes. Other than that (and some structural differences along with size) the human and rat respiratory systems work in the same way. (Rat Health Guide, 2012). A respiratory disease that humans (not rats) are known to obtain is lung cancer. To understand what lung cancer does, you must first understand how
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Carcinogens have the ability to damage and alter the DNA of cells in the body. When smoking, lung cells are exposed to these harmful substances and it can cause the uncontrollable division of cells (cancer). (eHow Health)
There are two main types of lung cancers. These types are known as small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. (Cornell University, 2013) Cancer cells of each type are treated differently, as they grow and spread in different ways. Small cell lung cancer is also known as oat cell carcinoma and accounts for about 15% of lung cancers. Oat cell carcinoma usually begins in the bronchi, but spreads quickly and early to the brain. Small cell lung cancer responds to chemotherapy at first, but it becomes more and more defiant to treatment as the disease goes on. It is separated into two groups, extensive stage and limited stage. People are usually already at the extensive stage of the disease when they are first diagnosed. Most cases are found in men (probably because of a hormone reaction) and are due to smoking. (About.com, 2012) Non-small cell lung cancer accounts for approximately 85-90% of lung cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is divided into three different groups. While these cancer cells vary in shape, size, and chemical-makeup, they are all grouped into NSCLC because of similar treatment and outlook. (American Cancer
What are lung cancers? Lung cancers are the abnormal cells which grow in uncontrolled manner in one or both lungs. They do not function as normal lung cells and do not develop into healthy lung tissue. The abnormal cells can grow, form tumours and interfere with the normal functions of the lung (Lungcancer.org, 2015). Lung cancers can be divided into two major types, namely non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancers (SCLC). NSCLC can be further classified into three main subtypes, namely adenocarcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma and large-cell carcinoma (Longo & Harrison, 2012). Lung cancers can be diagnosed by chest X-ray, computerised tomography (CT) scan, positron emission tomography-computerised tomography (PET-CT) scan, bronchoscopy and biopsy (Nhs.uk, 2015). Unfortunately, lung cancers are often diagnosed at the later stages. This is due to the unrecognisable symptoms and warning signs at the earlier stages. NSCLC are often diagnosed at stage IV which accounts for 30-40% of cases whereas 60% of SCLC is diagnosed at stage IV. Lung cancer usually originates from the cells lining the bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli. Carcinogens especially tobacco smoke will alter the gene expression of the normal human lung cells, resulting in cell mutation. The proto-oncogenes will be converted to mutated form, oncogenes. Mutation leads to the decreased expression of the tumour suppressor genes. This results in uncontrolled cell proliferation, cell
Lung Cancer, like any other type of cancer, is the uncontrollable growth of cells in the lung tissue. The main causes that contribute to lung cancer include inhaling carcinogens (basically, smoking), exposure to ionizing radiation, viral infections and even air pollution. These factors basically damage the tissues lining the bronchi in the lung, leading the cancer to develop further (Vaporciyan & Nesbitt JC, 2000). Primary lung cancers that develop in the epithelial tissues of the lung are known as carcinomas and claim the top spot in terms of leading cancer-related death causes. As of 2004, lung cancer
Cancer, it can affect anyone; it can affect any part of the body but what is it? Cancer results from the abnormality in the body's cells. This occurs when the cells divided and grow. Disruption in the system of the growth and division of a cell results in an uncontrolled division and proliferation of cells that form a mass which leads to cancer. The patient outcome for cancer is different for everyone, but it is also different with each type. In the respiratory department, a major type of cancer we will deal with is lung cancer. Lung cancer, however, has different types and stages, but for this paper, we are going to talk about Stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the article titled “Stage IIIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer” it states
Lung Cancer is a disease which consists of uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissues. Lung cancer consists of two types, Non-small cell lung cancer, and small cell lung cancer. (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. The bronchi are the large air tubes leading from the trachea to the lungs that convey air to and from the lungs, and where most lung cancers begin. The body normally maintains cell growth only
It is wise, however, to have a doctor monitor the tumor over at least a two-years period in order to note any changes that might indicate the presence of cancer. Also, a biopsy or surgical removal of a tumor may be needed when the patient is a smoker, the patient has difficulty breathing, or other troubling symptoms, tests show that the cancer could be present, and the nodule continue to grow. The malignant lung cancer is divided into non- small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, and lung carcinoid tumor. First, the non- small lung cancer is A group of lung cancers that are named for the kinds of cells found in the cancer and how the cells look under a microscope. The cancer cells of each type grow and spread in different ways. The three main types of non-small cell lung cancer are squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common kind of lung cancer. The first type of the non- small cell cancer is squamous cell carcinoma About 25% to 30% of all lung cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. These cancers start in early versions of squamous cells, which are flat cells that line the inside of the airways in the lungs. They are often linked to a history of smoking and tend to be found in the central part of the lungs, near a main airway (bronchus). The second type is larger cell carcinoma this type accounts for about 10% to 15% of lung cancers. It can appear in any part of the lung. It tends to grow and spread quickly, which can make it harder to treat. A subtype of large cell carcinoma, known as large cell, neuroendocrine carcinoma, is a fast-growing cancer that is very similar to small cell lung cancer. The third type of non- small cell lung cancer is adenocarcinoma about 40% of lung cancers are adenocarcinomas. that begins in the cells that line the alveoli and make substances such as
The theme of this journal article was to explain to the audience the various sub types of non-small cell lung cancer, its risk factors, and the different procedures a patient has to undergo in order for them to be diagnosed with cancer. It does a great job answering a vast amount of questions the audience can have regarding the disease itself, the procedures used for prognosis and diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer, and/ or the treatment available for patients with this disease. Overall, this report was very well detailed and provided the audience with a lot of
Although many people have heard about lung cancer, they don't know that there are two major types of lung cancer. The types of lung cancer are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC breaks down into three different types and approximately makes up 85-90% of the cancers that patients are diagnosed with. The first type of NSCLC is adenocarcinoma. This type of cancer is usually found in smokers however it is the most common lung cancer found in nonsmokers. This cancer typically attacks younger adults and targets women. This cancer tends to develop on the outside layers of the lungs and it can be found before it spreads throughout the body. The second type of NSCLC is squamous cell carcinoma. This cancer is linked to smoking and forms in the inner airways of
I decided to choose small cell lung cancer because I have 1st hand knowledge about small cell lung cancer and the effects it has on human lives. Many people who are diagnosed with small cell lung cancer are often diagnosed in the late stages. Small cell often spreads very quickly and is very aggressive .Many people believe that everyone who has lung cancer received lung cancer from smoking, which is often not true. Smoking does increase a person’s chance of lung cancer, but no everyone that has lung cancer got it from smoking. After researching the topic for a various amount of time, I learned that women who are nonsmokers are often diagnosed with lung cancer. Small cell lung cancer often starts in the bronchi near the center of the chest. Small cell lung cancer
There are several types of lung cancer. The type of cancer is named according to the type of cells found in the tumor. Adenocarcinoma is the most common form of lung cancer. Masses with this type of cell are generally slow growing. Squamous or epidermoid carcinoma is the most common cell type found in the bronchial airways. Large cell carcinoma is the third type of non-small cell carcinoma that is not of the other two types. Finally, lung cancer can be classified as small cell carcinoma. Small cell carcinoma is responsible for approximately 15% of all lung cancers and is fast growing, spreads faster than other types of lung cancer and is commonly related to cigarette smoking.
Lung cancer is a type of cancer is found in men and women lung cancer have something to do with your lungs. Your lungs which help pump oxygen into your body and also release carbon out of your body which helps you live because you need oxygen. Lung cancer is a common cancer in ages 60 and up it can also be found in any age but is most commonly in 60 year olds and older. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the U.S. in both men and women. Lung cancer is also one of the most preventable kinds of cancer, but smoking is mainly the leading cause of lung cancer.
Lung cancer occurs due to cells in a person’s lungs that multiple at a rapid pace, which form a malignant tumor. These tumors in the lungs take away important necessities such as oxygen, and nutrients; diminishes the ability of the tissue to properly function. One of the most type of common lung cancers is Adenocarcinoma, which make up to forty percent of these cases. Smoking is the primary reason for Americans to be diagnosed with lung cancer, with a cigarette containing more than 4,000 chemicals that have permanent damage to the lungs causing long term effects (Conrad 2016).
Cellular / Molecular Basis: Lung cancer has two types; small cell and non small cell. The two types can be identified by their appearance when looked at with a microscope. It usually affects the cells that are lined along air passages in the lungs.
There are three main types of lung cancer; non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, and lung carcinoid tumors. Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type of lung cancer. Cancers such as squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma are all subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer. Also called oat cell cancer, small cell lung cancer tends to spread quickly. Fewer than 5% of
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2014), lung cancer begins in the lungs and may spread to lymph nodes or other organs in the body. Lung cancer is categorized into two main types, but the most common type is non-small cell lung cancer. This type name is based on how the cancer cell shape looks under a microscope. Lung cancer is considered a deadly disease for both genders. According to the American Lung Association (ALA) (n.d.), in this current year, 13% of all cancer diagnoses and 27% of all cancer deaths in the United States have been because of the lung cancer disease. In addition, in this year, approximately 158,040 people in America, both men and women, are estimated to die from lung cancer. The principal
There is non-small cell lung cancer which is the most common type of lung cancer. Small cell lung cancer which is also called oat cancer. And lung carcinoid tumor. Lung cancer is the abnormal growth of abnormal cells. The abnormal cells don’t act like the normal lung cells and they don’t develop into healthy lung tissue.