Lydia Estrella's Developmental Theory

Currently Suzanne is in her hormonal stage where she can experience menopause. Symptoms can be that Suzanne experience hot flushes and during the night sweating.. This can lead to frustration for Suzanne and she can feel inferior to her husband’s need for intimacy. Other symptoms can be anxiety, stages of depression and emotion instability. This can be the causes or reasons for dysfunctional behavior at work. Suzanne did say during her first session that she gets anxious and experience low concentration at work. Her lack of caring for her appearance and health can lead to a form of depression or emotion instability which are symptoms of menopause. Currently Suzanne is at stage 7 of Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory. Generativity vs. stagnation,

During this stage, this is where my family structure became different from what the first seven years of my life consisted of. There was a transition from me being the only child in my family.

To capture the reader’s attention and improve their understanding of the book, the author provides a detailed analysis and description of what a Christian needs to understand regarding faith and factors that influence it. By the end of the initial section or at least the detailed introduction, almost any persons that reads Gonzalez work is confident that the book will provide a wide range of Christian related topics that influence our future. This will also entail informing the Christians who are the main audience that the author aims to reach on the importance of faith as a Christian.

James Fowler developed his stages of faith after conduction in-depth interviews of 359 people. The sample subjects were predominately white, with equal numbers of males and females and included a wide range of ages, from three and a half to 84 years old. Fowler’s interviews consisted of 30 plus questions regarding the subject’s life experiences, relationships, values, commitments and religion. After analyzing the responses, Fowler placed each subject in one of six faith stages. The responses indicated that as the subject’s age increased, so did their stage of faith (Hutchison, 2015).

Starting with Kohlberg’s Moral Development, Allison fits into the Post-Conventional Morality stage. Allison is an outcast who is very shy and doesn’t have any friends, the complete opposite of Claire. Allison tends to follow the beat of her drum and does whatever she wants and what she believes is right. She chooses not to smoke, act like she is a compulsive liar, and she explains at one point in the film that she would never treat others badly. Allison sticks with her own principles and the only reason she is in detention is that she had nothing better to do. In Erikson’s Social Development, Alison fits into the Identity vs. Role Confusion stage. In this stage, people are figuring out who they are and have some independence, while Alison has already been given too much independence due to her neglectful parents. At some points, she seems as though she knows her role at school and is finding her identity, but she is really confused since she hadn’t been given the right care and attention by her parents. She said that her parents think she is invisible suggesting she is not getting any encouragement or help from them. In Marcia’s Identity Status, Alison fits into the Diffusion stage because as her clothes and bag show she is extremely disorganized and doesn’t have anything figured out. She is also withdrawn as soon as she entered the library she sat all the way in the back. Allison doesn’t know where she will end up and

James Fowler’s theory of faith development includes six stages: primal faith, intuitive-projective faith, mythic-literal faith, synthetic-conventional faith, individuative-reflective faith, conjunctive faith, and universalizing faith (Hutchison,

Some adults may live much of their lives with a literal faith. Stage three is group faith Young people start to value the importance of friendship and often come to view God as one who treats them much like a trusted companion. Stage four is person faith. People strengthen their faith by questioning earlier beliefs. Stage five is mystical faith. At this stage of faith the awareness of God’s inner presence leads one to become more aware that God also dwells in others. Interfaith dialogue now becomes not a threat but an opportunity for new understanding. Stage six is sacrificial faith. Jesus, Dorothy Day, and Archbishop Romero are examples of this sacrificial faith. Such people display radical and consistent commitment to the doing of God’s will that is uncompromised by concern for personal security.

Throughout his book, Tillich references faith as an ultimate concern to emphasize the importance of faith in the personality of individuals. Furthermore, Tillich believes faith is a vital part of human nature and that even the rejection of faith is, in itself, an act of faith. This displays Tillich’s understanding that faith will never disappear from society because it is a piece of the puzzle in what makes up humanity (Tillich).

Theme in “Defender of the Faith” can be interpreted in many varying ways, some of which are life-long lessons and others to the relation between faith and the individual.

Inclusion is examined through an article detailing the life a young girl name Ro Vargo. Risk and resilience are examined and examples from Ro’s life are discussed. The sociocultural theory is then fully explained followed by a discussion of elements such as developmental pathways and developmental outcomes such as optimal versus adequate adaptation. Examples from Ro’s life illustrate these concepts. Next, five scholarly research studies are examined and the pros and cons of inclusion are discussed based on the findings of these articles. Finally, the biblical view of inclusion is addressed.

Brandt’s essay, Do Kids Need Religion?” is based on how someone should answer a kid’s question. When Brandt’s daughter was ten years old, her friends died in a house fire. The parents of Brandt’s daughter’s friends took the death well because they were strong and brave about what happened. They were devoted Catholics and talked about how their two little girls were in heaven. But Brandt is not religious in any way and when her daughter asked what happened to her friends, he told her something that he did not believe in because he thought that these deaths had no meaning and could not justify it. Brandt asks families if they think that their children needs religion. He also asks doctors on their point of view about religion and if kids need it. People who have a religion do not have to worry about what kinds of question their child can ask them because they have their own faith and can confidently answer their question. Brandt essay is mainly towards nonbelievers and wants to know

argued from various perspectives or disciplines that man is a by nature a religious being. Karl

Peck’s third section of his work discusses the role of religion in one’s growth. According to Peck, our understanding of the world changes in accordance to our growth in discipline and love, which creates varying understandings of the meaning of life. Everyone has a certain world view that constitutes our understanding and that is our religion. For Peck, he argues that psychotherapists often do not pay attention to the individual world view of their patients which play a role in their problems. Simultaneously, patients may be unaware of their own world views that will be necessary for how they confront the world. The development of their religion is rooted in their culture where the most influential part is one’s family. The family dynamic

According to Fower’s stages of faith and identity, has a total number of six stages. Stage one is Intuitive-Projective where the ages of children from birth to the age six. Stage two is titled, Mythic-literal, consists of children from the ages seven to twelve. Stage three, Synthetic-conventional, which consists of individuals from the ages thirteen to twenty. Stage four, Individualtive-reflective, which consists of the ages of twenty-one to thirty years old. Stage five, conjunctive, which consists of the ages of individuals thirty-one to sixty years old. Stage six, Universalizing, which consists of the ages of any individual over the age of sixty years old (Broderick & Blewitt, 2015, p. 536).

“Just as a physical embryo needs its mother’s womb in which to grow, so the spiritual embryo needs to be protected by an external environment that is warm with love and rich in nourishment. When this is finally realized, adults will change their attitude toward children, for the image of a child as a spiritual being becoming incarnate not only stirs us but imposes upon us new responsibility.”