Lymphatic Disease : A General Overview Essay

Malaria is a disease characterized by fever and flu like illness that according to the CDC “if not treated can lead to jaundice, kidney failure, seizures, mental confusion, coma, and death” (CDC p.2. There are four types of malaria: Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae with the most common type being plasmodium falciparum. (CDC p.1) ).. This disease can only be transmitted by an interaction of blood as the parasite lives in the red blood cells of the infected host individual. This can be due to blood transfusions, sharing of syringes or by its common vector, the Anopheles mosquito.Because of its vector being a mosquito malaria is common in areas with warm temperatures and causes the most damage in poor developing

Lymphoma or lymphatic cancer is a very serious and life threatening disease. In this country there is an estimated 63,900 new cases, 7,100 of which are Hodgkin’s lymphoma as opposed to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Since around the 70’s the occurrence of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma has almost doubled while the occurrence of Hodgkin’s disease has declined. (Steen, 1993)

This mode of transmission, like malaria, can leave the host deadly sick. Its a cycle, with the parasite in the host, a mosquito will carry the blood with the parasite and inject it into a different host.

Typical incubation periods between initial infection and symptom presentation is between 7 and 14 days. The classic symptomology indicating infection is the development of Erythema-Migrans, which is a bulls-eye shaped rash or legion that emanates from the site of the original tick bite. Although this is considered the characteristically identifiable symptom of early Lyme disease infection, studies have shown that as few as 35% of patients develop a rash (Nadelman et al., 1996). Other common indications of early Lyme disease include, flu-like symptoms and the development of Bell’s palsy. Common treatments for early stage cases include oral antibiotics and are highly effective in relieving infections. However, patients who do not receive treatment and develop CLD or acquire Post Lyme Disease Syndrome can experience significantly more severe health problems. Symptoms of these conditions include those found in early stages as well as, cognitive impairment, insomnia, neuropathy, and heart problems (Wormser et al., 2006). The nature of this bacterial infection and its increasing global incidence has made it a disease of significant interest in the public health and medical

In the article” When mosquitoes were killers in America” by Lauren Tarshis, there is evidence that discussed how mosquitoes were far more than a nuisance. The article talked about the symptoms of having malaria. Tarshis said,”Those who become sick get high fevers, bone - rattling chills, and painful muscle aches.” It must have been very painful for people in the olden days who had malaria. The current generation is very lucky because there are medicines that reduce pain. Malaria is a deadly disease caused by mosquitoes sucking blood and transferring the blood to another human's body. Tarshis talked about how many people die in a year due to mosquitoes. The article says” In this way, bite by itchy bite, 212 million people are infected with malaria

Once anyone gets a bite from a mosquito the side effects and symptoms won´t start showing up until 3-15 days after the initial bite, that is only if the mosquito was infected. Some cases are a lot worse than others (Centers). The mild or less severe case would be a headache and a fever. The more severe case would be headache, fever, body ache, swollen lymph glands, and in the worst possible scenario, death. No one can help weather you get a really bad case of

The incubation periods ranges from 3-30 days, the first symptoms usually appears in 7-14 days after the bite. Whereas this disorder can be asymptomatic, typical symptoms include fever, migratory polyarthralgia, headache, myalgia, fatigue and a characterized isolated skin called lesion that progress with its multiplication. If left untreated, the disease can affect the joints, the heart, and nervous system, that may exhibit neurological findings including meningitis and other neuropathies(Goolsby, Grubbs, & Goolsby, 2014)("Lyme Disease| Lyme Disease | CDC,"

NOTE: LYMPH NODES ARE PART OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM WHICH INCLUDES THE SPLEEN AND THYMUS. THEY ARE WHAT HAPPENS WHEN SWELLING OCCURS.

It is caused by a parasite that infects certain mosquitos that feed on humans. People infected with malaria usually suffer from high fevers, shaking chills, achy muscles, headaches, tiredness, and flu-like illness. It may also cause jaundice and anemia. The malaria parasite is found in the red blood cells of a person which means it can be transmitted through blood transfusions, organ transplants, or the shared use of needles syringes contaminated with blood. Malaria is not contagious; it cannot be transmitted from one person to another. Some parasites can remain dormant in the infected person’s body for up to four years after they are bitten. When the parasite comes out of hibernation and begins to invade the red blood cells, the person will become sick.

From here, the spirochetes multiply and journey to other regions of the body. At this point in the course of infection, the bull’s eye rash begins to form, as the bitten individuals inflammatory response to the bacteria kicks in. The bacteria are able to survive and spread, because neutrophils, a normal structure involved in the immune response, do not appear (CITE). Days to weeks following the tick bite, the spirochetes spread through the bloodstream to joints, heart, nervous system, and distant skin sites, where their presence gives rise to the variety of symptoms previously mentioned. If left untreated, the bacteria that cause Lyme disease can remain in the body for months or longer, even though the body has produced antibodies against it. The spirochetes may avoid the immune response by decreasing expression of surface proteins that are targeted by antibodies (CITE).

Mosquitoes pass malaria to humans through their salivary glands. Once the parasites have entered the blood stream, they go to the liver. In the liver they mature and undergo reproduction, forming merozoites. These merozoites enter the blood stream and inject themselves into red blood cells. Once inside the blood cells, they reproduce rapidly and within forty-eight to seventy-two hours, the blood cell bursts, releasing hemoglobin into the blood stream. It is the destruction of these blood cells and the hemoglobin released into the blood stream that actually causes most of the symptoms.

By getting the virus from a bite the mosquito must already be infected itself. There are studies currently happening trying to figure out how long exactly does the virus stay inside the semen and vaginal fluids of those who are infected, also being studied is how long it can be passed to their partners. Although the U.S. hasn't seen any cases of the disease being transmitted by blood transfusion it has been seen in other places in the world. An example would be the French Polynesian outbreak, around 2% of those donating blood tested positive for Zika however, in previous outbreaks the virus was also found. Just one case in the United States shows of someone getting ill through a laboratory yet, prior situations show four cases of someone getting the virus in a laboratory

Beyond being annoying and leaving us with incessantly itchy bite marks, mosquitos come with more serious risks. Infected mosquitos carrying the West Nile virus can pass … Human cases of West Nile virus have been recorded since 2002. Last year alone, there were 104 cases, up from 80 cases in 2015 and 21 cases in 2014. Symptoms of West Nile virus can include fever, headaches, body aches, mild rash or swollen lymph glands but serious cases can lead to loss

Her infection began when she was bitten by a mosquito which was seeking her protein-rich blood to nourish its eggs. As part of the process of sucking the droplet of blood from the girl, the mosquito, simultaneously injected saliva to ease the flow of blood into its proboscis. Malaria-causing pathogens gathered in the mosquito’s salivary glands and traveled into the girl’s body. Once in the body, the wormlike parasites moved to the girl’s liver to embed themselves allowing them to feed and multiply. By the time a week had passed, each parasite had consumed an entire liver cell and had replicated upwards of 40,000 times. A short time later the infected cells had exploded and the parasites had reentered her bloodstream. Now showing symptoms

Lymphatic Filariasis also known as Elephantiasis has been a neglected disease until more recent years. In 1997 the World Health Assembly Resolution suggested that the World Health Organization eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis as a health problem. Wuchereria bancrofti worms are the parasites causing around 90% of the lymphatic filariasis cases. One abnormal condition resulting from the disease is a swollen scrotal sac due to fluid collection. A procedure called Immunochromato graphic card test or ICT is a simple test used to detect adult levels of transmission. This test uses ultrasonography to detect the adult Wuchereria bancrofti worms in the scrotal lymphatic vessels. Ultrasound exams are known as a non-invasive tool. The World Health Assembly