Lymphoma Cancer Papers

There are at least 30 different entities referred to as non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and they range from the indolent to the very aggressive. Taken together, the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are the fifth most common cancers in the United States and the fifth leading cause of death due to cancer 1. More than 356,000 cases are diagnosed annually with Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), however, mortality cases are high as well, evaluated as 192,000 2. NHL is defined as a combination of malignancies originating from T- and B-lymphocytes in the lymph nodes 3, 4. The invasion is not only restricted to the lymphatic system but the central nervous system, the skin, the bone marrow and adrenal glands are commonly affected as well 5, 6. Numerous factors are associated with the progression of NHL as organs

Cancer is a very general term that can refer to many different diseases. The different major classifications of cancer are Carcinoma, Leukemia, Myeloma, Lymphoma, and Sarcoma. Carcinoma is a cancer of the external or internal linings of the body such as epithelial tissue. Leukemia is a cancer of the bone marrow. This is also known as blood cancer, because bone marrow is the site where blood cells are produced. Myeloma is a cancer found specifically in the plasma cells of bone marrow. Lymphoma is a cancer that develops in the lymphatic system. The cancer appears in the nodes, glands,

Leukemia is cancer in the bone marrow and the lymphatic system and affect the body's blood-forming tissues. Leukemia usually involves white blood cells. Your white blood cells fight off infections. People with leukemia, the bone marrow produces abnormal white blood cells, which don't function properly. Scientists don't understand the exact causes of leukemia. It is believed to develop from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. In general, leukemia is thought to occur when blood cells acquire mutations in their DNA. The CD34 phenotype. Certain abnormalities

There are a wide variety of cancer types. They all have several things in common, however. Each cancer starts with cells that become abnormal or cancerous. These cells reproduce and form a mass of cancerous cells. This mass is called a tumor. When the cancerous cells spread, or metastasize, they can impact other tissues, organs, and systems of the body. A second commonality among cancers is that when they are detected early, they are easier to treat and the treatments are more likely to work. In many cases, a cancer that is caught early can be completely destroyed.

organs and glands. It may spread to other parts of the body but generally stays in the cells where it started.

Cancer it is a rapid growth of abnormal cells. There is two types of cancers malignant and benign tumor. A tumor is an abnormal mass of cells that grows and divides at a very rapid pace providing no benefit to the body. The difference between them is the malignant is when the tumor affects the functioning of surrounding cells and is the cancerous type of tumor. However a benign tumor is when it does not affect the surrounding cells and tissues and is not the cancerous one. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma is a cancer which begin in the cells called lymphocytes and they are located near the cells. The name Hodgkin came from a doctor named Dr. Thomas Hodgkin when was the first person to successfully described the Lymphoma cancer.

Cancer is given to a whole collection of related diseases. Cancer cells begin to divide unregulated and spread into surrounding tissues. Scientists have proposed that lots of SP2 protein may transform to normal cells into cancer cells. In addition, the deprivation of specific co-stimulated molecules can impair the natural killer cells ability and lead to the cancer. Cancer occurs almost anyplace in the human body. Cells become old and become more abnormal or cells, which are damaged when they should die, divide without stopping and may constitute growths called tumors. Also cancer cells are less specialized than normal cells. The first and original tumor is called primary tumor. Primary tumor may spread to other parts of the body and create new tumors.

Before treatment, patients are required to get some testing done. They would need to get cardiac and pulmonary testing done going to an ear nose and throat doctor is highly recommended but are optional. Patients who wish to start a family after they are done with treatment should talk to a fertility doctor as treatments can affect a patient's future fertility. The most common treatments for Hodgkin’s Lymphoma are chemotherapy, immunotherapy, stem cell transplant ,and radiation therapy. Chemotherapy is an efficient treatment, but it can cause some patients to get leukemia. Radiation therapy is also very effective. When it is used aggressively it can reduce the risk of a patient relapsing, but it has be known to boosts the chance of later fatality different causes. Immunotherapy helps a patient’s immune system. It uses medicine to help immune system to identify and kill cancer cells. Stem cell transplants are normally the back up treatment in fighting Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Sometimes Hodgkin’s Lymphoma comes back after chemotherapy and radiation. A stem cell transplant also allows doctors to give a higher amount of chemotherapy. Hopefully, one of

Hodgkin’s lymphoma (Hodgkin’s disease) “…is a malignant condition characterized by proliferation of abnormal giant, multinucleated cells, called Reed Sternberg cells, which are located in the lymph nodes.” (Lewis, p. 669) According to Medscape, “The World Health Organization (WHO) categorizes Hodgkin’s lymphoma into five types. Nodular sclerosing, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte depleted, and lymphocyte rich are the four types referred to as classical Hodgkin lymphoma. The fifth type, nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL), is a distinct entity with unique clinical features and a different treatment paradigm.” (Lash, 2015) In classical Hodgkin’s disease, monocytes and macrophages cause hyperplasia in the lymph nodes causing destruction of lymph tissue. According to Lewis, “the disease is believed to arise in a single location (it originates in

B cell lymphomas represent 80% to 85% and T cell lymphomas represent 15 to 20% of cases in the United States. There are more than 70,000 new cases diagnosed each year and more than 60 different types of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Unfortunately the cause of lymphoma is still unknown but have found some factors that increase the risk of developing the disease. Some of the factors are being male, an older age, caucasian, a diet high in meats and fat, exposed to certain pesticides, an autoimmune diseases and HIV/AIDS. General symptoms can include swollen lymph nodes throughout the body, fever, sweating, itchy skin, weight loss and fatigue. Symptoms vary depending on the patient and their diagnosis. Non-Hodgkin targets the lymph nodes throughout the body. Hodgkin’s lymphoma which is also known as Hodgkin’s disease is the least common of the two forms. There is approximately 9000 new cases each year and is most common in young adults between the ages of 20 and 34 years. The way that Hodgkin’s disease is differentiated is the presence of cells called Reed Sternberg. Reed Sternberg are enlarged mature malignant b cells, they are also the most important for diagnosis to determine what lymphoma is present. cells secrete and release cytokines there are two main types of Hodgkin lymphoma classical and nodular lymphocyte. The most common signs are painless swollen lymph node in the neck, underarm, and groin region, as well as weight loss, fever, fatigue and shortness of

Another classification of cancer that is one of the most common is Leukemia. Leukemia is cancer of blood forming tissue. When this type of cancer develops it will affect the immune system by minimizing its ability to fight infection.

All these types of cancers are all harmful. The main differences between the four main types of leukemia have to do with their rates. Chronic leukemia cells do not grow all the way, so they are not as strong to defend against infections. Acute leukemia cells begin to clone themselves before any immune functions have fully formed.

Blood cancer affects the productivity of your blood cells. Usually the cancer starts out in bone marrow. Blood cancer interrupts normal growth with irregularly growing blood cells. Leukemia starts in the bone marrow while Lymphoma begins in the lymph nodes. Lymphoma has two types Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin. Hodgkin’s starts out with an enlarged lymph node. Leukemia is either acute or chronic. The four main types of leukemia are as follows: acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Malignant tumor or malignantneoplasm, also known as cancer, is a disease caused by abnormal cell growth. The cell is potential to spread to other parts of the body. But not all tumors are cancerous such as benign tumors. They do not invade to other parts of the body. Some people may have symptoms such as abnormal bleeding, a prolonged cough, a new lump, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements among others. But those symptoms do not only indicate cancer, they can also occur because of other issues. Actually, there are over 100 different known cancers that affect humans.

Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a cancer that presents as a rare lymphoid neoplasm and primarily involves the lymph nodes.3 It is associated with a good prognosis and survival rates. As a Physical Therapist, it is good to be aware of the signs and symptoms, and their implications for therapy.