Lymphoma Essay

Burkitt’s lymphoma is an uncommon form of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In United States, the case rate during 2001-2009 period was 0.4 cases per 100,000 population according to NCI’s SEER statistical database.1 Burkitt’s lymphoma constitutes 0.4% of all the lymphoid tumor accounting for between 40 and 50% of childhood non-Hodgkin 's lymphomas (NHLs) in non-endemic areas.2-4 The sporadic form in adults accounts for 1–2% of all adult lymphomas in western Europe and the United States.5

Lymphoma comes in two types Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin's Both types are a cancer based disease of the cells. The body constantly makes new cells to help us grow, replace worn-out tissue and heal injuries.Cancer occurs when the cells don't grow, divide and die in the usual way. This then causes blood of lymph fluid in the body to become abnormal, or form a lump called a tumour. These types of tumors are the Benign tumor which the cells are confined into one area and are not able to spread to other parts of the body Although this is not known as a cancer. The one known as a cancer is Malignant tumor which have the ability to spread by traveling through the bloodstream.

“Hodgkins Lymphoma cancer is a cancer that starts with your white blood cells called the lymphocytes, which is part of the body’s immune system. Since the 1970’s HL rates have doubled. Part of the reason for the rise may be due to AIDS, which increases the risk of high-grade lymphomas. We have B cells in our body that help protect the body against germs (bacteria or viruses) by making proteins called antibodies. The antibodies attach to the germs, marking them for destruction by other parts of the immune system. We also have a cell called the T cell, T cells destroy germs or abnormal cells in the body. Other T cells help boost or slow down the activity of other immune system cells The lymph system is apart of the immune system which helps fight

Lymphoma is a type of lymphatic cancer. There are two different types of lymphoma called Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin. These two lymphomas are rendered cancerous because they not only invade but also destroy normal tissues (Very 2016.) The major differences between these two categories are how the cancer behaves, spreads, and responds to treatment. To determine which lymphoma is present, the cancer cells can be identified under a microscope. Classic Hodgkin lymphoma is the most common form, representing 95% of all cases of Hodgkin lymphoma (Flavell 2010.) This cancer normally begins in the lymph nodes in the upper part of the body.

There are a wide range of cancers that affect numerous parts of a person’s body system and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is one of them. It is a type of lymphoma is created in the immune system, specifically the lymphatic system. With this system, the body is protected

HD is usually nodal and spreads in direct continuity from one nodal mass to the next. About 85% of Hodgkin lymphomas present with intrathoracic involvement at their initial diagnosis, most commonly affecting the anterior superior mediastinal lymph nodes. HD may also show multiple pulmonary nodules and multifocal consolidation in addition to enlarged lymph nodes or conglomerations of nodes. Pleural effusions can be seen in approximately 15% of those patients. The functional imaging ; PET scan is used effectively to reveal metabolic activity in involved nodal groups and extra lymphatic organs, as well as indicate bone and bone marrow

Pulmonary involvement in Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a very rare .Typically, It involves the superior portion of the lung. Pulmonary involvement in Hodgkin’s Lymphoma can happen from 15% - 40% of cases. It is caused by peribronchiolar adenopathies near to pulmonary parenchyma or could be due to the significant amount of lymphoid follicles. Three cases were admitted to King Fahad Hospital of the University which showed unusual form of Pulmonary Hodgkin’s Lymphoma . They did not shows the most common radiological features described in other reported literature.

Although there aren't any hard facts that say you get lymphoma from this one certain thing there are precautions you can take to help your chances of not getting it. Check your family to see if anyone has had it in your family to because it is hereditary. There is no cure at this time for lymphoma but since you understand the cancer better and more clearly you will be able to tell signs and catch any symptoms of it. There is no cure but could be one made with a bacterium that fights off the cancer from attacking the blood cells and

I think that blood tests are the most common way to test for cancer. The cancer cells are near the bloodstream so there is a large chance that you could get cancer. One of the ways the doctors could check is a complete blood count. They have to check a sample of your blood to see if there is a blood cancer. A bone marrow biopsy usually determines if you have cancer or not.

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is one of the most common types of cancers in the United States that affect mostly older adults. The American Cancer Society estimates that 72,580 people in the Unites States will be diagnosed with the disease just in the year 2016 alone. Of that number, there are about 20,150 people expected to die from the disease. There is also a 2% chance of people in the United States developing the disease (American cancer society, n.d.). There have been many researches done about the causes, prevention and treatment options of the disease which has helped clinicians and patients to have better outcome and ultimately decrease the death rates of the disease. As such, clinicians should pay close attention to the disease, learn

cause as it takes a long time for a cell to become cancerous, as there

Lymphoma is any cancer that originates in the lymphatic system cells, tissue, lymph nodes and spleen. The lymphomas are divided into two major categories: Hodgkin lymphoma and all other lymphomas, called non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most prevalent form of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) and constitutes 30-40% of NHL with a crude incidence of 3–4/100.000/year in the European Union [1]. Classification of DLBCL based on gene expression profiling (GEP) identifies three subgroups, namely germinal-centre B-cell-like (GCB) DLBCL, activated B-cell-like (ABC) DLBCL, and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) [3, 4]. DLBCL is a highly aggressive disease representing a clinically, morphologically, and genetically heterogeneous group with variable clinical outcome. Nowadays, the diagnosis of DLBCL is built on a clinical findings, morphology, histology, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics and molecular genetic assessments. [1] First-line treatment

Clinically, Lymphoma is split up into two categories. These two categories are Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is quite distinct from Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma has been named after Dr. Thomas Hodgkin, who was the first to recognize it. This is a cancer developed from white blood cells in the lymphatic system known as lymphocytes (Cancer Center). All other forms are put in the Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma category. The lymphatic system is there to help fight infection and disease. The lymphatic tissues make up a major portion of the lymphatic system which is why Hodgkin’s Lymphoma can start almost anywhere in the body. From here it can easily grow to other tissues or most commonly, the lymph nodes. The type of cells involved and how spread the growth is upon diagnosis classifies lymphomas. The true cause of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma has remained unclear. Doctors do know that when this form of lymphoma occurs that B-cells have formed a mutation in the cells DNA, which relays the message to the cell to divide rapidly and live instead of dying like a normal cell would.

This cancer originates in the lymphoid system and primarily involves the lymph nodes. The extent of the disease is the basis for treatment protocols and expected prognosis for accurate staging. Hodgkin's disease is a painless lymph node that is swollen and enlarged, and most common finding is firm non-tender and movable nodes. Diagnostic evaluation used with all the cancer types involves a thorough history and physical blood test CT and PET scans. Chemotherapy and irritation are the Mainstay treatment regimen for Hodgkin's Disease and follow up care after no longer receiving therapy is essential to identify signs and symptoms of relapse or second