Lymphoma

Thesis Statement: Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, although rare, can be fatal and it is important to be informed on the cause, symptoms, and treatments to further your awareness and provide a better understanding on the dynamics of this disease.

Lymphomas are one kind of malignant tumor and they often start in locations such as the lymph nodes. Lymphoma is the third fastest growing cancer in the world and affects people of all ages. Lymphoma is a common cancer that has specific symptoms and treatments.

Lymphocytes are vital to the human body to protect us against disease and initiate an immune response. Each person possesses billions of lymphocytes which collectively provide an individual with the ability to respond to a huge variety of antigens. The wide

Hospitals are not the best places; no one wants to stay, but one was my favorite place for six months. People think of hospitals as some place to sit and wait for bad news. Brunswick hospital is the hospital I visited every day. It had plain white walls, red seats to sit in while waiting, and had a great staff. I was in sixth grade living life as any normal eleven year old. Life was a breeze. Then on February twenty-sixth, my whole world changed. My mother found out she had stage three Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. “Mom was going to die,” was the only thing running though my little scatter brain. She would not see my graduate or follow my dreams.

The organs that make up the lymphatic and immune system are the tonsils, spleen, thymus gland, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels. White blood cells (leukocytes), red blood cells (erythrocytes), plasma, and platelets (thrombocytes) make up the blood. Lymphocytes are leukocytes (white blood cells) that help the body fight off diseases. Two types of lymphocytes are B cells and T cells. Lymphocytes recognize antigens, or foreign substances/matter, in the body. Lymphocytes are a classification of agranulocytes, or cells (-cytes) without (a-) granules (granul/o) in the cytoplasm. B cells are created from stem cells, which are located in the bone marrow. B cells respond to antigens by becoming plasma cells. These plasma cells then create antibodies. Memory B cells produce a stronger response with the next exposure to the antigen. B cells fight off infection and bacteria while T cells defend against viruses and cancer cells. A hormone created by the thymus gland called thymosin changes lymphocytes into T cells. The thymus gland is active when you are a child and slowly shrinks, as you get older. T cells bind to the antigens on the cells and directly attack them. T cells secrete lymphokines that increase T cell production and directly kill cells with antigens. There are three types of T cells: cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, and memory T cells.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of lymphoma, which is universal term for tumors that develop in the lymphatic system. It is also called non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin represents for about 90% of all lymphomas, and the remaining 10% are indicating to as Hodgkin lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas have an extensive variety of histological appearances and clinical components, which can make diagnosis hard. Lymphomas are not uncommon, and most doctors, independent of their and expertise, will presumably have gone over a patient with

Cancer is defined as the disease caused by an uncontrollable division of abnormal cells in a part of the body. The particular cancer that I️ researched is Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) which is a type of cancer that begins in the cells of the lymph system. (Lymphoma) The lymph system is a part of the immune system. Lymph tissue is found all throughout the body; therefore, Lymphoma can begin from almost any part of the body since the major sites of lymph tissue are the lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, thymus, digestive tract, and adenoids and tonsils. (What) “In most cases, it is not known what causes Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.” (Risk) Some risk factors of NHL are beyond our control such as age and gender but usually they are acquired rather than inherited. (Risk) NHL begins in white blood cells called lymphocytes. (What) There are two main types of lymphocytes: B lymphocytes ( B cells) and T lymphocytes (T cells). B cells normally create antibodies to

The topic I decided to do my paper on is Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in this paper I will talk about what Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is different kinds of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, treatment, statistics, and the survival rate. I will also talk about the staging system, risk factors, how it can be found early, if it can be prevented, what causes the disease, symptoms and signs of the disease, and how it is diagnosed and treated.

There are treatments that can help this Hodgkin disease (lymphoma). There is chemotherapy regimen which is a doxorubicin by injection and there is vinblastine by injection. There are other treatments like bleomycin by injection, and there is dacarbazine by injection, and also there is brentnxima vedotin by injection. There are procedures like radiation therapy which is therapy using ionizing radiation generally as part of cancer treatment to control or kill maligment cells. Radiation therapy may be artistic in a number of types of cancer if they are located to one area in the entire

What is lymphoma? Many people ask that exact question when pondering lymphoma. Lymphoma is a deadly and life threatening cancer which attacks the lymphatic system. When pondering this idea, people don’t realize the diagnosis and treatment is very in depth and serious. Most people also don’t comprehend that the diagnosis can be complicating because, most of the symptoms that are experienced by adults can mimic common cold and flu symptoms.

Lymphoma is a general term for many similar subtypes of cancers that come from a white blood cell called a “lymphocyte.” Lymphoma has two major categories: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Mantle cell lymphoma is merely 1 of 70 different types of NHL. US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health 2008. Lymphatic cancer, also known as Lymphoma, is a cancer of the body’s lymph nodes. Records show MCL occurs in about 20,000 to 200,000 cases annually in the United States; 20,000 to 200,000 may seem like a large amount, and is a lot of individuals, but in comparison to the 318.9 million people in the United States, this condition is rare. Mantle Cell Lymphoma 2014. Although Lymphatic cancer is considered rare, there is a type called Mantle Cell Lymphoma, which only occurs in approximately 7% of people with NHL have mantle cell lymphoma. Lymphoma - Non-Hodgkin 2012.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma accounts for 40 to 50% of all lymphomas in children and adolescents. It represents approximately 6% of all malignancies in patients aged 0 to 19 years though Burkitt lymphoma comprises the large majority of primary paediatric gastrointestinal tract lymphomas. It is a highly aggressive non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma that often presents at extranodal sites.

The symptoms of Hodgkin’s disease frequently depend upon the stage of disease. Staging defines the extent to which the disease has spread throughout the body. Moreover, it often determines which treatment(s) will be required.

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is caused by clonal expansion of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8; also known as Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) infected B cells (Nador et al., 1996). HHV8 is an oncogenic herpesvirus that pathogenically infects endothelial cells and B lymphocytes. Besides, PEL is also implicated in the pathogenesis of Kaposi’s sarcoma and multicentric Castleman’s disease (Carbone et al., 2009; Cai et al., 2010).

Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell, which are an important part of the immune system. Lymphocytes can defend the body against infection because they can distinguish the body’s own cells from foreign ones. Once they recognize foreign material in the body, they produce chemicals to destroy that material. Two types of lymphocyte are produced in the bone marrow before birth.