M3 Interpret the contents of a trading and profit and loss account performance of the organisation

Typically, net profit is measured on a quarterly or annual basis. When compared with a company net profit during other periods, it can provide a useful measure for how profitable a company is over time and the overall performance of the company & management team.

The gross profit margin measures the amount of profits that a company generates from its operations without consideration of its indirect costs. Thehigher thegross profit margin, the greater the efficiency of a company’s operations (Besley & Brigham 2007). It means that the company is generating enough income to cover its operating expenses. On the contrary, a lower gross profit margin indicates that the business is not generating adequate income to cover its operating expenses.

Net Margin is the ratio of net profits to revenues of a company. It is used as an indicator of a company’s ability to control its costs and how much profit it makes for every dollar of revenue it generates. Net Margin is calculated using the formula: Net Margin = (Net Profit / Revenues ) * 100 Net margins vary from company to company with individual industries having typically expected ranges given similar constraints within the industry. For example, a retail company might be expected to have low net margins while a technology company could generate margins of 15-20% or more. Companies that increase their net margins over time generally see their share price rise over time as well as the company is increasing the rate at which it turns dollars earned into profits.

This measures the relationship between net profits and sales of a firm. The net profit margin is indicative of management’s ability to operate the business with sufficient success not only to recover revenues of the period, the cost of merchandise or services, the expenses of operating the business and the cost of the borrowed funds, but also leave a margin of reasonable

Profit Margin: -This ratio relates the operating profit to the sales value (Walker, 2009). It tells us the amount of net profit per pound of turnover a business has earned.

The profitability ratios used to assess CanGo’s profitability are net profit margin, operating profit margin and return on assets. All these measures appear to be positive which provides good news for investors as well as management. Net profit margin indicates whether a company has been successfully controlling its costs or not. If net profit margin is high it demonstrates that a company has effectively converted sales into profit. This ratio can be compared with other firms in the industry. A high net profit margin provides competitive edge to a company which is required if it wishes to expand its scale of operation.

J. Rate of return on common stockholder’s equity: The ratio of return on common stockholder’s equity measures rate of return on the interest of ownership for the common stock owners. Company G’s rate of return ratio diminished (20.20% down to 18.46%). Although percentage decreased does not represents a negative, compared to quartile benchmarks of 12.80% and 16.30%. Rate of Return on Common Stockholder’s Equity

Gross profit is defined as the difference between Sales and Cost of Sales. The gross margin (or gross profit ratio) expresses the gross profit as a proportion of net sales. The gross profit margin ratio measures how efficiently a company uses its resources, materials, and labour in the production process by showing the percentage of net sales remaining after subtracting the cost of making and selling a product or service. It indicates the profitability of a business before overhead costs. The higher the percentage, the more the business retains of each dollar of sales. So: the higher the gross profit margin ratio, the better.

J. Net profit margin ratio is 5.04% means the company makes 5 cents profit for every dollar it generates in revenue or sales.

In addition to affecting profits by adjusting useful life and depreciation; key ratios will also be affected. The net profit margin can be influenced both ways to fit the purpose of business strategy. It could be increased to make it seem more profitable, or it can be influenced in a negative way to write off as much expenses as possible – if the year held disappointing results – in order to show next year more positively in comparison.

The Net Profit Margin (NPM) is used to display the net profit as a percentage of the revenue generated. A higher NPM is better as it indicates a more profitable company and how effective a company is at controlling its costs

Gross profit margin ratio will define an organizations financial health by revealing the proportion of money left over from revenues after accounting for the cost of goods sold (Investopedia). The gross profit margin literally measures how much of every dollar of sales a company is able to actually keep (Answers, 2009).

Account groups : assets, liabilities, owners equity, revenue and expenses makes up all of the statement of financial position and statement of financial performance. They show us the budgets and also the profit/ loss.

The Net Profit Margin in 2012 was 10.5% while in 2013 it was 66.6%. This increase in the Net Profit Margin can be attributed to the increase in net profits after taxes despite the fact that there was a slight decrease in revenues.

These ratios help company in determining its capability to pay short-term debts. Liquidity ratios inform about, how quickly a firm can obtain cash by liquidating its current assets in order to pay its liabilities. General liquidity ratios are: current ratio and quick ratio. Current ration can be obtain by dividing company’s current assets by its’ current liabilities. Generally a current ratio of two is considered as good (Cleverley et al., 2011). Quick ratio also known as acid test determines company’s liabilities that need to be fulfilled on urgent basis. Quick ratio can be obtained by dividing quick assets by current liabilities. Quick ratio is considered as stricter because it excludes inventories from current assets. Generally a quick ratio of 1:1 is considered as good for the company. Higher quick