MD Anderson Liver Summary

How Drinking Causes Gut Microbe Imbalance Linked to Liver Disease is an article that builds on the common knowledge that alcohol consumption damages the liver. The liver is the organ in the body that filters out everything in your bloodstream that may harm you, for example alcohol. It also produces a substance called bile that breaks down lipids. For these reasons, the liver is a very important organ in the digestive system in the body and this article shows how alcohol damages it.

Doctor prescribed RX drugs to proven addicts in Liver Pool, England takes a controversial approach to the war against drugs. During the 1980’s the drug use in England had tripled and the western approach to prevention was not working; they needed to find a different means to an end. The research they had done showed half of all drug addicts choose to become sober within a ten-year span but the lifestyle associated with addiction had lifelong ramifications. The new method requires urine sample provided evidence to confirm the use of illicit drugs for each individual, as well as remaining free of criminal behavior, in order to continuously receive prescriptions for their drug of choice. They hold seminars for intravenous drug users to learn proper techniques to minimize potential harm caused during injection and safe needle disposal. By providing safe doses of fore mentioned drugs without the extremely harmful filler used on the streets, affordable prices due to the prescriptions, the steps taken to teach safer use, and the clause preventing criminal activity a significant amount of addicts are able to live productive lives.

Define the stage of the disease is very important for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up . There are many ways for assessing the degree of liver fibrosis. Liver biopsy was the gold standard for assessing liver fibrosis, but now it is of limited value because it is so invasive, its high cost, poor acceptance, risk of complications, and intra/inter-observer variability (Poynard et al.,2007). During the different stages of fibrosis , there are excessive amounts of extracellular matrix of various biomarkers changed and new biomarkers appeared in the serum (Jarcuska et al.,2010 and Baranova et al. 2011).

It is diagnosed at the later stage of the disease and the average survival rate after diagnosis is 6 to 20 months.9 Currently, HCC can be treated by surgical removal. However, this treatment in not applicable to majority patients because of the cancer extent or underlying liver dysfunction. Other treatment options include liver transplantation, radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation, precutaneous ethanol or acetic acid ablation. The side effects of this treatment include pain, fever, intraperitoneal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, blood clot, infection, mental confusion, diabetes, high blood pressure

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide and the second cause of cancer-related mortality in eastern and western countries [1]. Each year, >700,000 patients diagnosed as HCC and morbidity rates of HCC continue to increase, possibly due to deterioration of environment, unhealthy dietary habits and other related factors [2].

tive). In the wild, these species have been observed consuming tannin containing leaves, tree bark, and flowers as a significant part of their diet. Naturally, tannins reduce the availability and absorption of iron in the body. It's in question that whether these tannin consuming species have possibly evolutionized to develop an effective iron absorption mechanism or if they could spare the regulation mechanism, as excessive iron uptake would not occur in nature.

As the Directors at Sharp Reese Medical Facility it is important to raise awareness about the importance of the liver to the human body and the many important functions that it performs for the body such as digestion and the filtration of toxins and drugs from

FTY720 treatment reduces liver fibrosis. Hepatic fibrosis is a sequel of chronic liver injury and inflammation; therefore, we asked if FTY720 treatment reversed fibrosis in addition to the observed reduction in liver injury and inflammation. Fibrosis was assessed by picro-sirius red staining for collagen accumulation in the liver. The control group (FFC-fed, saline treated) mice livers demonstrated the typical peri-cellular (chicken wire) fibrosis observed in murine and human NASH (Fig. 6A). This was reduced in the treated group (Fig. 6B). Consistent with the histologic data, there was a reduction in fibrogenic gene expression in the liver. Alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA), a marker of activated hepatic stellate cells, and tissue inhibitor

For the liver lab, the independent variable I worked with was water temperature, and the dependent variable was catalase activity. My null hypothesis was that water temperature and catalase activity have no relationship/correlation. My alternative hypothesis was that as the water temperature increases, catalase activity does as well. Based on just the mean and standard deviation, the alternative hypothesis was supported more than the null. This is because when the water temperature was 37 degrees Celsius, the mean number of milliliters of oxygen produced per minute was 3.944.

In several clinical cohorts, it has been shown that chronic hepatitis C is a main leading cause of cirrhosis and HCC, which is the third cause of cancer deaths worldwide (EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines, 2011).

The liver is a vital organ that supports most other organs. A human being cannot survive without a healthy liver. The liver is the body’s largest gland and organ, and is made of five parts called the left lobe, the right lobe, the caudate lobe, the quadrate lobe, and the coronary ligament that connects the four lobes. At the bottom of the coronary ligament are four parts called the left triangular ligament, the right triangular ligament, the falciform ligament and the ligamentum teres. The four lobes are made out of 16 segments, which are each made of 1,000 lobules. The lobules are connected to little ducts which connect to larger ducts which make the common hepatic duct. There are also the bile ducts that form the biliary tree which carry bile the liver makes to the bile canaliculi.

The sample and setting for the 4-CBCS study consisted of NHW, Hispanic, and Native American women, who were selected from a state tumor registry between the ages of 25-79 years old, who resided in non-reservation areas in Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, or Utah at time of diagnosis. “Controls were selected with target age populations from sources ranging from commercial mailing lists to driver’s license lists, and frequency matched on ethnicity and 5-year age distribution of cases” (Kim et al., 2016, p. 2). The study’s instruments included a structured computer questionnaire given by trained interviews, done in both English and Spanish. It asked the participants about dietary intake for the year prior to diagnosis and height and weight was taken at the time of the interview. For the control group, information was collected on dietary intake for the year prior to being selected for the control group. Participation was 63% for Hispanic cases and 36% for the control, and 71% for NHW and 47% for the control (Kim et al., 2016).

Liver transplantation is the only treatment option for patients with end-stage liver disease who are certain to die otherwise. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and alcoholic or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are leading indications for liver transplantation in chronic liver diseases. Despite achieving dramatically decreased acute rejections within the first year and superb liver transplant survival rates at 1-year, the 10-year survival rate is still only 50%. Liver transplants recipients show an accelerated progression of chronic hepatitis and liver fibrosis in the transplant patient. Currently, liver biopsy is considered the gold standard method to assess the severity of fibrosis and diagnose liver allograft problems. However, biopsy is an invasive procedure and poorly predictive for outcomes (advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis, transplant survival). Molecular profiling of liver tissue can develop an accurate system to predict progression of liver transplant fibrosis and outcomes following liver transplantation. Here, I aim to study genome-wide expression microarrays in publicly available large series of liver transplant biopsies and discover a molecular test as an early biomarker for future advanced liver fibrosis. This gene signature test will then be validated in an independent retrospective cohort of archival formalin fixed-paraffin embedded (FFPE) liver transplant needle biopsies. Predicting progressive fibrosis in liver

Although, LB is still considered the gold standard procedure to measure the severity and nature of liver diseases 7,8. It can assess the response of the treatment in chronic hepatitis , and specific for grading (necroinflammatory activity) and staging (fibrosis) in most patients, also for evaluating steatosis which facilitate the accurate diagnosis and the therapeutic outcome 9. Advantage and disadvantage of liver biopsy depend on the type of LB technique. There are different methods to obtain the tissue. Among them, percutaneous biopsy is the most commonly used. Others, such as transjugular biopsy and laparoscopic biopsy, are only used in specific situations 7,8. A study done in Calgary estimated the rate of using LB to be 4275 liver biopsies from 1994 to 2002, among a total of 3627 patients. The study found that the annual rate was 54.8 per 100,000 population. 0.75 % of the patients had complications related to biopsy (1994–1997 vs. 1998–2002: 1.28 vs. 0.44%; P = 0.003). The most significant complications identified by this study were pain, bleeding, hypotension, fever and death due to prolonged bleeding

The purpose of the Anatomy and Chemistry of the Human Liver Lab is to understand and observe the functions of the liver in the human body. Throughout the experimentation process, the goal of the lab was to recognize the function of the liver when the organ becomes exposed to hydrogen peroxide and be able to classify the chemical reactions that take place during the process. My original prediction, or hypothesis, is: if a section of a liver, accompanied by a catalase, is exposed to hydrogen peroxide then the chemical reaction that will occur will be decomposition and exothermic. During the experimental process, three trials were performed and recorded with equivalent amounts of chicken liver, weighing .55 grams each, while reacting in the same amounts of hydrogen peroxide,10 mL. Before performing our trials, we measured the constant temperature of the hydrogen peroxide, which was 23.7 degrees Celsius. The first trial began with a temperature of 23.6 degrees Celsius, and rose to a finishing temperature of 24.1 degrees Celsius. As for trial two, this experiment was performed the next day, and had a starting temperature of 24.6 degrees Celsius and ending temperature of 25.8 degrees Celsius. The third trial, also performed the next day, the starting temperature was also 24.6 degrees Celsius and the ending temperature was 26.3 degrees Celsius, measuring as the highest increase in temperature among the trials. The increase in temperature enabled the observation of energy in the