MEMO #2
TO: National Farmers’ Bank
FROM: Yuxiao (Sophy) Yang
DATE: March 24th, 2014
SUBJECT: Advantages and Disadvantages of Index Based Insurance
Introduction:
For those whose livelihoods are closely linked to their environment such as farmers, a variable and unpredictable climate can critically limit development. A type of insurance, called index insurance, can help farmers tremendously as a climate-risk management tool in developing countries. Index insurance is different from a loss adjusted insurance in that it uses a weather index, such as rainfall, temperature, or humidity, to determine payouts. In rural parts of developing countries, traditional insurance is sometimes unworkable due to certain issues and index insurance resolves
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Field loss assessment is a challenge for any insurance program because of the need to use a large number of skilled assessors therefore using an index insurance can significantly reduce administrative costs by reducing the need of fiend assessment. The chance of dispute between the farmers and assessors will also not exist. Another great advantage of index insurance is the fact that there would be less adverse selection and moral hazard. With traditional insurance, there might exist conditions where farmers may actually prefer their crops to fail so that they can receive a payout. However, with index insurance, payout is not linked to the crops survival or failure so the farmer has the incentives to make the best decisions. This greatly reduce moral hazard. For adverse selection, with index insurance, farmers are more likely to buy insurance if they have a higher risk. Due to index insurance, the terms, conditions, and payout scale is predetermined in their area which basically eliminate the adverse selection problem. With index insurance, farmers will feel safer and more likely to take loans from the bank which they will be able to pay back due to the insurance policies way of reducing risk greatly.
Disadvantages:
One of the biggest disadvantage of index insurance is the concept of basis risk. The basis risk is the difference between the payout measured by index and
The National FFA Organization, formerly known as Future Farmers of America (FFA) is an organization that is allows for all students in high school to be a part of an organization that strives to do better in the agriculture industry. Students of all races and ethnicities are a part of the FFA and that was made possible do to the changes that our country has made in an effort to end segregation and other ethnic issues.
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers food assistance programs that help provide food for low to no income families. It is their goal to increase food security and reduce hunger by increasing access to food, a healthful diet, and nutrition education for low-income Americans (Caswell, 2013, para. 1). Some of the current nutrition assistance programs include “the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)”(Caswell, 2013, para. 1). SNAP will be the primary nutrition assistance program of the paper at hand. No matter how morally good it is to try to help reduce hunger and increase food security within the United States, there are still many questions regarding issues with SNAP. This paper will be discussing why there is such a strong support for the program, how it helps the United States as a whole, problems with the program, and why some people are against SNAP.
2) 2a) Like most firms, UGC faces a variety of risks. How could they be categorised? What elements of the business (examples: revenues, investment needs, etc ) might be affected by weather risk or environmental liability, and how? In general the risks are divided into three categories, the business related, political and environmental risks. All those risks have an impact on the incomes of one company. The Risk consulting division of Willis Carroon came to the conclusion that greatest risk was the impact of the weather on the size of the harvest. Every ten years, UGC might face adverse weather
Future Farmers of America (FFA) is the nation’s largest youth organization that steers students in a direction of career success and premier leadership. Like most organizations FFA is very conscious of making career success and leadership their goals for students, so why might FFA be the best option for the students? This organization highly impacts students because it is an inter-curricular activity instead of an extracurricular activity. FFA is an organization well known across the country. This organization is perceived to just be available for farm and ranch kids, but this is open to help all students. It is a long-standing tradition of honesty, strong worth ethic and fairness. It provides numerous
From 1880-1906, western farmers were affected by multiple issues that they saw as threats to their way of life. The main threats to the farmers were railroads, trusts, and the government, because these institutions all had the power to drastically affect the ability of the farmers to make profits. Therefore, the farmers were not wrong to feel frustration toward those institutions when the institutions caused the farmers to live lives of increasingly extreme poverty.
A discourse community follows Swales’ six characteristics: members share common goals, has a form of communication, a form of feedback, genres, a specific lexis, and has a level of expertise all within the group (Swales 25). I believe the Future Farmers of America is a great candidate for this topic for that it falls in to the categories listed by Swales. The start of Future Farmers of America came in 1900s in the state of Virginia. Adolescent to teenage males were not interested in farming and did not want to take over the family farms. This led to a homegrown farmer becoming the supervisor of Agriculture Education and set out to fix this problem, Walter Newman. With the help of Edmund C, Magill, Harry W. Sanders and the most influential Henry
The Future Farmers of America (FFA) organization is one of the best ways that I believe I have taken advantage of education. Because of my involvement in the FFA I have traveled to a lot of different universities and have competed in competitions. The type of competitions I would never involved in are cooperative marketing and tree pruning. By being apart of these teams I have learned more about farming and marketing then I ever thought I would. The biggest learning experience I have had with this organization was when I attended the state conference in Fresno, which is where I learn about the entire agricultural community in California, leadership, and it is also where I had met the national president and secretary of the FFA organization.
Freshman year of high school- the year of new experiences - new friends, new teachers, new failures. On top of all the stressful decisions that come with entering high school, students are expected to join clubs which interest them. Futures Farmers of America, FFA, is one the of these clubs. By joining this club students will learn the skills necessary to become a successful leader. While learning to become leaders, students will conquer their fears and weaknesses , as well as, learning to exploit their strengths. They learn the vital skill of time management, and the value and use of teamwork. Overall the benefits which FFA offers students is impossible to deny.
To answer this question, the important point is who is the largest beneficiary in these policies and what actually make policy profitable, it is an insurance company, corporations or market? The companies earn extra profits from the dead peasant insurance policies. For example, the company encourages their employees to buy the insurance and many of employee were voluntary because if they suffer some unforeseen events, they will get the compensation from the insurance company. But when events occur, the employee had already demotion or dismissal. Thus, employees are not larger beneficial owner, corporation is. However, there has one question that is the insurance company how to keep their business, even if they found the beneficiary is a corporation under these policies. Actually, the main driving force for company adapt to these policies is tax law, not free market competition.(Smith, 2011)Therefore, the corporation wants to gain the extra benefits from the dead peasant policies is the main reason why dead peasant insurance policies
“Farming is risky, you’re at the mercy of the weather and market prices. Insurance helps manage the risk, it takes that factor out of it,” Becton said. “You’re not going to get rich collecting your crop insurance, but you’ll be able to stay in business.”
Farmers Insurance opened a tiny one-room office in Los Angeles, California in 1928. The company was formed by John C. Tyler and Thomas E. Leavey in order to serve local farmers and their vehicles. The two men “knew from experience that farmers and ranchers experienced fewer risks with their vehicles and were entitled to preferred rates” (Farmers Story, 2016). Tyler and Leavey used their own money to start their company and in order to obtain policy holders, they went from farm to farm.
One of my most notable teamwork experiences was my participation in Future Farmers of America (FFA). This organization helped me develop extensive leadership qualities and personal growth, in which are a vital component for academic and career success. Through this program, I gained hands-on experience serving the chapter as an FFA Executive Committee Member and a Vineyard Manager. As an FFA Executive Committee Member, I gained self-confidence and immersed myself in new experiences, such as learning how to direct events and to promote involvement in FFA. Therefore, my primary objective was to inspire others to become active within the school campus and the community. To do this, I inspired students to share their ideas freely and comfortably
Based out of Austin, Texas Farmers Insurance Company is a large provider of homeowner 's insurance policies to residents of Texas. The insurance policies of this provider consist of three main areas: dwellings and structures, personal property, and personal liability. Customers with Texas Farmers Insurance plans receive coverage for their home and other detached properties, personal belongings within their home, as well as coverage for someone who gets injured on the property and damages to the property. This comprehensive, all-inclusive aspect makes Texas Farmers Insurance Company popular among customers.
Agriculture was the most important economic activity in America from the founding of Virginia in 1607 to about 1890. Although farming declined rapidly in relative economic importance in the twentieth century, U.S. agriculture continued to be the most efficient and productive in the world. Its success rested on abundant fertile soil, a moderate climate, the ease of private land ownership, growing markets for farm produce at home and abroad, and the application of science and technology to farm operations.
Insurance is a federal subject in India. It is a subject matter of solicitation. The legislations that deal with insurance business in India are Insurance Act, 1938 and Insurance Regulatory & Development Authority Act (IRDA), 1999. Insurance is defined as is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against unforeseen risks of contingent losses. Another approach to Insurance is as the equitable transfer of risks, or the possibility of occurrence of losses, from one entity to another, by the method of diversification in exchange for a premium. An Insurer is a company designing, promoting and selling insurance products and services amongst the public. An insured or policyholder is the person or entity purchasing these products and services.