MERS-COV Infection

In September of 2012, beginning in the country of Saudi Arabia, hospitals began seeing increased cases of a respiratory virus never before seen in humans. They named it Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, or MERS. MERS is a viral respiratory illness caused by the coronavirus. It was originally thought to have started there in Saudi Arabia. It was not until later that they were able to trace the origin back to Jordan starting in April of 2012. All outbreaks of MERS have been traced back to originating from the Arabian Peninsula (CDC, 2015a). Unfortunately, it is not known exactly how MERS was contracted in humans, but it is believed to have come from an animal source, probably from camels. Strains of MERS

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, more commonly known as MERS, is a severe illness that affects the lungs and breathing tubes and originated in Saudi Arabia (CDC). This illness is said to have originated from an animal (CDC). Cases have been reported in Algeria, Austria, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Malaysia, Netherlands, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, United Kingdom, and the United States (CDC 1). All of these cases are somehow connected to the Arabian Peninsula, either by traveling or having some type of contact with an individual who has traveled (CDC). Symptoms are very similar to those of the flu along with a few signs of pneumonia (MNT). Symptoms include fever, cough,

This project evaluated the best practices for pregnant healthcare workers to prevent an infection of CMV, a common infection in patients on the adult bone marrow unit. Pubmed and CINAHL were queried with the search terms “Occupational hazards for pregnant nurses” and “pregnant nurse and CMV”. The CDC's website was also consulted.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was found in the early 2003 which is believed to be a form of pneumonia and caused by a coronavirus. Scientists assume that the virus started from Guangdong China, infecting people who picked up virus droplets from cat-like mammals called civets. 8098 people worldwide had contracted SARS ,and 774 cases of death where reported in over thirty countries in five different continents. This essay represents the causes, symptoms, treatment , and prevention from (SARS).

Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Granström); the Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr E Ljungdahl Ståhle); the

Hantavirus has been identified to cause two distinct illnesses: Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) and Human Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2013; Willacy & Tidy, 2013). Recent studies have dated Hantavirus to the Middle Ages. However, the first sweeping outbreak of HFRS Hantavirus traces back to the Korean War between 1950 and 1953 where mortality climbed to 12% in soldiers suffering from renal failure. The virus was responsible for the deaths of 3000 United States soldiers. The etiologic agent was not identified until the virus was isolated in 1978 (Jonsson, Figuiredo, & Vapalahti, 2010). The Hantavirus is not new to animal species, but since

Several different laboratory tests are used to test people who may be infected with MERS-CoV. People who have been exposed to MERS-COV are classified into symptomatic and asymptomatic. People who develop MERS-COV symptoms have an active infection that is diagnosed by using laboratory molecular test. This test detects the viral RNA in the suspected samples taken from upper and lower respiratory specimens, serum, and stool. Asymptomatic people who have exposed to MERS-CoV but do not develop symptoms are tested by serology tests. Serology tests are used to find if MERS-CoV can be transmitted by asymptomatic people. Serology test is a two-phase approach that uses screening test and two confirmatory tests to detect antibodies to MERS-COV.

In discussing clinical presentation we ought to notice first introducing case in September 2012, an instance of novel coronavirus contamination was accounted for including a man in Saudi Arabia who was admitted to a hospital with pneumonia and acute kidney damage. (1). Just a couple of days after first case presented, a different report showed up of a practically identical infection recognized in a brief moment  with acute respiratory syndrome and acute kidney injury (2,3). The second patient at first he developed symptoms in Qatar however, he had flown out to Saudi Arabia before he became sick. The vast majority of people who affirmed to have MERS-CoV contamination had serious acute respiratory disease with fever, cough and shortness of breath,

The maedi-visna virus (MVV) is a very deadly disease that’s most commonly found in sheep but on rare occasions can also affect goats. MVV is also known as Ovine Progressive Pneumonia in North America but formally it has been called maedi visna because of two traits that an animal may have if it has contracted MVV. Maedi and visna are both Icelandic terms; maedi is to have progressive pneumonia and visna means wasting and withering of the animal. Both scenarios of pneumonia and wasting result in fatality since MVV is currently an incurable disease. Many researchers have looked into vaccinating sheep for MVV but all attempts have failed and actually worsened the condition of the animal in testing. Throughout this report I will be covering what

Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a deadly new Corona designated virus believed to originate on the Arabian Peninsula (Zaki et al 2012). This virus now has verified cases outside of the Arabian Peninsula including Oman, Algeria, Austria, the United States of America, the UK, Bangladesh and Turkey (Abdel-Moneim 2014). The apparent ease with which this virus is transmitted, especially via zoonosis and the possibility of human-human transmission, highlights the need for research into a cure or vaccine for MERS-CoV. This research needs to determine methods through which the human body can maintain or produce antibodies within the blood serum of humans so as to fight off MERS-CoV. Alternately to this, research has been conducted into the origins of MERS-CoV and with the conflicting ideas of human-human transmission it may be more viable to eliminate the virus where the zoonotic transmission is occurring. With the current link between dromedary camels and MERS-CoV cases it is possible to develop procedures and policies which could eliminate the transmission via this means. Further study would most likely be required to develop similar procedures with, what is recognized as the main source of MERS-CoV, bats as these creatures naturally are no longer effected by the virus.

MERS-CoV is a coronavirus of the subgenus known as the betacoronaviruses. It is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA species that infects the respiratory tract and kidney epithelium of both humans and animals3. This virus falls under the subgroup of betacoronaviruses known as lineage C which, up until this novel virus was identified, included isolates from bats. Indeed, the coronaviruses BtCoV-HKU4 and BtCoV-HKU5, which were only

Originally starting in November 2002 in Guangdong Province of China, the SARS coronavirus has since infected as many as 8422 persons worldwide, with a total of 1755 patients infected, among which 300 unfortunately succumbed to this disease. (1) Apart from being a major epidemic in the medical history of Hong Kong and a health threat of global concern, another aspect of SARS worth noting is the occurrence of nosocomial outbreaks. SARS was the cause of nosocomial outbreaks in Canada, China, Hong Kong, Vietnam and Singapore. (2) The impact of nosocomial outbreak in an epidemic such as SARS

The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a positive-strand RNA virus belonging to the C lineage of the Betacoronavirus genus. Since its identification in 2012 in a patient from Saudi Arabia, there have been seven hundred one laboratory-confirmed cases of MERS-CoV in eight different countries, boasting an alarming thirty-five percent patient fatality rate. Both alphacoronaviruses (alphaCoVs) and betacoronaviruses (betaCoVs) have been known to cause human disease, but a majority of cases only cause common cold-like illnesses in health adults. Some betaCoVs, however, have the ability to cause severe life-threatening pandemics, such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus pandemic (SARS-CoV). In 2003, SARS-CoV, a B lineage betaCoV, infected more than eight thousand people worldwide, more than eight hundred of which succumbed to the virus. The important question that needs to be answered to shed some light on its origin as well as potential therapeutic approaches is why are some species susceptible to MERS-CoV infection while others remain resistant?

The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) first emerged in 2012 from the Middle Eastern region, particularly the Arabian Peninsula (Banik). The MERS-CoV is a single-stranded RNA virus that, similar to the SARS-CoV and other coronaviruses, is prone to viral mutations that allow for the development of an enhanced human-to-human transmission (Chowell, Banik, Hui). Animal

According to the European Centre of Disease Prevention and Control (2014), the first incident of MERS-Cov was reported from Saudi Arabia in June 2012. Recent reports from The World Health Organization as of May 13 indicated 1,180 confirmed cases within 25 countries, and a total of 483 deaths have been recorded thus far. At this point MERS-Cov has a 40% mortality rate that continues to rise as the death toll increases from new infectious cases. It has been confirmed that all cases that were reported to WHO outside of the Middle East have had a history of recent travel to that region or have been in contact with a person who has travelled to this part of the world. It is because of this that surveillance and control measure in response to this fatal virus should be created and implemented to eradicate MERS-CoV from spreading to different regions of the world for future pilgrimage (Zumla, Hui, & Perlman 2015).