Essay about MIS 589 iLab

The rugged waterproof outdoor enclosure allows mounting the unit next to the antenna, reducing RF coaxial cable losses and cost.

Since CC combat the signal fading, it can be used to extend the transmission range of nodes and the network connectivity \cite{Yu2010,Zhu2012}. Figure \ref{fig:AumentoRaio} exemplify how CC can be used by node $v_i$ to send data to node $v_j$ that is outside of its maximum transmission range $R_{MAX}$. The source node $v_i$ selected the node in green as its helper. The dotted line represents the direct communication of the first phase, between the source and the helper. The solid arrows represents the second phase, where the source and its helper send data cooperatively to the destination. The nodes in black, that are inside $R_{MAX}$ could be selected to be included in the helper

C2 - Controlled Access Protection: In this sub division similarity protect like C1 but following are the extra protected by this C2: Object protection can be on a single-user basis, Authorization for access may only be assigned by authorized users, Object reuse protection, Mandatory identification and authorization procedures for users, Full auditing of security events, Protected system mode of operation and Added protection for authorization and audit

The attacker counts the number of packet transmissions executed by each node in a region for a period of time. If the nodes are sending to a common destination node e.g., the sink node, then the latter should be located in a region of higher packet transmissions or

The functions for supporting the control plane is integrity protection and ciphering. For the user plane PDCP offers ciphering, header compression and reordering and retransmission during handover. Radio Link Control (RLC): The RLC (Radio Link Control) layer is responsible for delivery of upper layer SDUs. RLC can work in 3 different modes, depending on the requirement of the data to be transported; Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM) and Acknowledged Mode (AM). AM has functions for retransmission of erroneous received PDUs. The RLC working in UM or AM also has functions for segmentation and concatenation of SDUs sent over the LTE air interface. For received PDUs RLC support functions for re-ordering, duplicate detection and

It allows you to temporarily disconnect your wiring from the telephone company’s wiring for troubleshooting purposes.

The market for wireless communications has experienced incredible growth over recent years and wireless LANs have rapidly become a very

A node wishing to send data initiates the process by sending a Request to Send frame (RTS). The destination node replies with a Clear to Send frame (CTS). Any other node receiving the RTS or CTS frame should refrain from sending data for a given time (solving the hidden node problem).

the entire application life cycle and controls all Relion protection at all voltage levels. This

In MIMO system there is multiple antennas is provided at the transmitter side as well as receiver side. Using multiple antennas at the transmitter and the receiver side could able to increase spectral efficiency, produces higher capacity and provides more data rates for wireless communication. In MIMO system there is SU-MIMO that is called single user MIMO in which when there is data rates need to be increased for single user then it is known as SU-MIMO, and if there is individual stream is allocated to multiple users; then it is called multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO).

When a system transmits data, it sends the data to the central device. The central device, which was a hub when the star network first came out, then broadcasts the transmission out to all of the connected devices. This set-up reduces the chance of a network failure because if one node goes down, the network will still be up and operational. However, if the central device goes down, then the entire network will go down. The use of hubs has been removed from modern day networks because they are essentially dumb devices. Since the hub will forward information to every device that is connected to it, the chances of a collision occurring is pretty high. A switch will learn the MAC address of the systems that is connected to it. Once a switch has learned the MAC addresses of the systems that are connected, it will send information that is intended for that system only to the port that the system is connected to. This smart filtering that the switch performs drastically helps to eliminate collisions on the star network. The star topology is the most popular choice of networks due the easiness of setup and the lower costs of equipment. The star network can use twisted pair, fiber, or coaxial cable as its network

makes the gun more powerful. The walkie talkies have improved over time by their range of

even when devices are not within line of sight. The range of each radio is approximately 10 m, but can be

A system that is currently being implemented across the country to ease the flow of fireground communications is trunking. A trunk is a communications path and by providing a system with more paths, a signal could bypass a nonavailable frequency

CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA protocols are designed to overcome is issue. CSMA/CA taps into and listens in on a line to check that not data is currently being transmitted. In the case that the line is unused the device may transmit its data allowing for the line to be used dynamically. This method has a blind spot, in the case two or more devices are listening on an idle line simultaneously, they will send simultaneously and each signal will interfere with the other. Though there are protocols to avoid this from happening again when each node resends their data, time lost can vary depending on the quantity of data sent.