MMR Vaccine

For years there has been public controversies over the advancements in science and all of the health risks that have been around, but now the use of the media has certainly boosted the amount of confusion throughout the public. Frightening stories regarding the progressions of science have been appearing online and in print. One particular example of this issue was the MMR vaccine debate. The MMR vaccine is an immunization vaccine which fights against rubella, measles, and mumps. During the 1990’s the media played a huge role in the decisions parents made regarding whether or not they allowed their children to get vaccinated. The media portrayed the MMR vaccine as having a possible link between autism. Which left the public worried about the MMR vaccine and having conflicting views and feelings towards the safety of vaccinations. In the MMR vaccine debate scientist and the media played two different roles which helped citizens make decisions regarding vaccination.

* Collaborating with government and international agencies to reduce mortality and expand measles elimination goals on a global level. ("Vaccines and

The vaccinations of children are a cornerstone of the United States public health measures to protect people from a host of infectious diseases and possible death. Vaccines are beneficial to the greater good of the public health including your own as well as being a cost effective way to manage infectious diseases. Diseases that used to be common throughout this country and around the world can now be prevented by vaccination. These diseases include polio, measles, diphtheria, pertussis, rubella, mumps, tetanus, rotavirus, and haemophilus influenza type b (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014).

The MMR vaccine was designed to make the individual it was given to have a immunity or resistance to the following diseases; mumps, measles, and rubella. Over the years however, the number of people who had measles skyrocketed after it reached near extinction in 2000.1 Similar to this, the cases of the mumps disease have also risen in the past five years. However, it is not as much due to lack of vaccination, but more to being less effective in specific situations.2 Unlike these two diseases, the rates of rubella has gone down in the U.S. to about ten people per year.3 For the most part, these diseases cause cough, sore throat, itchy eyes and more. However, they each cause specific complications that can result in death. Since these diseases are still common today and affect the health of not only themselves, but the rest of the population, people are debating if the MMR vaccine should be required. Though this has always been a debate, it has resurfaced after recent outbreaks of specifically mumps and measles throughout America.

Positive- One positive aspect of the MMR vaccination program is that the vaccine is effective in a large majority of people and only needs two doses for complete immunisation. Roughly 64 out of 100 people will be protected against mumps, 90 out of 100 people will be protected against measles and 95 out of 100 people will be protected against rubella when receiving the first dose of MMR. This high success rate makes the vaccine program efficient and people may be more willing to receive the vaccine knowing it will work.

Human beings are born with immunity as well as they acquire it from the environment they grow in. Human innate immunity is assigned the task to hinder the harmful substances from entering the body. These immunity barriers develop a defense line. The innate immunity includes cough, tear enzymes, mucus, skin and the stomach acid. Hence, the role of innate immune system is to stop harmful materials from entering our body. In case the innate immunity is insufficient to fight, there is acquired immunity that fights harmful substances by getting exposed to various antigens. The acquired immunity is developed against specific antigen. Its role is to fight

The MMR vaccine is one that protects against three diseases which are measles, mumps, and rubella. This vaccine is typically given to kids anywhere from ages one to twelve years old. Combination vaccines take two or more vaccines that could be given individually and are put into one shot. It is obvious that children dread going to the doctors and getting shots. However, with combination vaccines, it allows children to receive only one shot, instead of two or more separate shots – and still get the same protection. There have been questions raised if combination vaccines are just as effective as the individual vaccines since the vaccines are combined into one shot. The answer is yes, they are still just as effective. Before a combination vaccine

When the innate system isn’t enough to protect our bodies from foreign substances, the adaptive system  is our second and best resort. The adaptive system is a system that is specifically suited to detect harmful antigens which are any foreign or harmful substances. Viruses and bacteria will trigger an immunological response when recognized and the adaptive system gets to work. Unlike our innate system which is there from birth, the adaptive system develops over time. This type of system works by using cells that are lymphocytes. The lymphocytes consists of two types of cells which are T-Cells and B-Cells. Both cells are produced in bone marrow and each lymphocyte has about a hundred receptors on its surface which recognize specific chemical

Although it is very important to immunise against this disease, the vaccine does have side-effects, and no vaccine is completely safe. The Measles vaccine is given as part of the MMR vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps and rubella. The common and less severe side effects are; fever; mild rash; temporary pain or stiffness of joints,

Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material to stimulate an individual 's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen. Vaccines can prevent or ameliorate morbidity from infection. Vaccination, also known as ‘immunisation’ starts when a child is 6 months old. There are many types of vaccinations that could be given to each child and at different ages. Some examples of different types of vaccinations are Live attenuated vaccines, Inactivated vaccines, Polysaccharide vaccines, and Conjugate vaccines(3). Immunisation is free to all children in New Zealand. They help protect against 11 serious diseases: Polio, Hepatitis B, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis ( a whooping cough), Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Haemophilus influenza type b meningitis (Hib), Pneumococcal and Human papillomavirus (HPV)(1).

Humans and other vertebrates have adaptive, or specific immunity, which involves the use of T cells and B cells, classes of white blood cells known as lymphocytes. An antigen is any substance that causes a response from the T cells or B cells; the binding site of the antigen is called an epitope. While helper T cells secrete cytokines to promote response, cytotoxic T cells employ toxic proteins to attack and kill cells infected by virus or pathogens from within the cell itself.

Vaccines; a more than spectacular development of science which has prevented countless numbers of diseases by giving one’s body an immunity to a microorganism by stimulating the body’s immune system and giving it the ability to recognize the pathogen as it enters the body to be more easily and readily destroyed. Autism, on the other hand, has not yet been fully linked back to a specific cause or reason. Because of this uncertainty, disgruntled parents have chosen to believe ideas with no scientific backing behind them besides what discredited scientist Wakefield said in a paper linking the MMR vaccine to autism along with some celebrities following Jenny McCarthy’s Anti-Vaccination Movement.

Human’s body is constantly under attack by: bacteria, viruses and many other microorganisms, these are called pathogens. Our body is a rich source of water and nutrients that these pathogens need to survive, it is a perfect environment for them to live and develop. Nevertheless, human’s body has its own way to protect itself from these invaders, therefore most of the time we remain healthy. Immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that provides a defence against disease. There are three major lines of our defence against pathogens. The first is to prevent their entry by defences of the skin and mucous membranes in the respiratory, digestive and urogenital tracts. If this fails, two internal defences takes over: an initial non-specific inflammatory response to injury, or if this unsuccessful, is followed by specific immune response. Two major divisions of the immune response: non-specific and specific.

The human immune system is a collective network of tissues, glands, and organs that work in a coordinated effort with each other to guard our bodies from foreign antigens such as viruses, bacteria, and infection causing microorganisms. For the immune system to work properly, two things must happen: first, the body must recognize that it has been invaded, either by pathogens or toxins or by some other threat. Second, the immune response must be activated quickly, before the invaders destroy many body tissue cells. For the immune system to respond effectively, several conditions must be in order, including the proper interaction of non-specific and specific defenses. The nonspecific

Our environment is full of a variety of infectious microorganisms that cause disease known as microbes. Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, multicellular parasites and fungi qualify as microbes which cause disease, and if left to multiply unchecked, will eventually kill their host. Most infections in normal, healthy individuals are shot-lived leaving little or no damage which is due to the immune system which combats infectious agents. The immune system is a complex system of organs and processes of the body that provide resistance to infection and has a primary purpose of identifying foreign substances known as antigens. Antigens stimulate immune responses through the production of antibodies and the immune system provides protection from infectious diseases by noting them as foreign, killer microbes and supplying these antibodies.[1] Microorganisms come in many different forms and because of this, a variety of immune responses are required to fight against each type of infection. Sometimes the body’s natural form of defence is not enough to counteract the effect of pathogens, and vaccinations are required. Vaccines work by working with the body’s natural defence system to reduce the risk of infections largely and develop immunity; [2] however, despite the science emerging to protect humans from potentially deadly