MRSA Synthesis Essay

Using personal items of someone who has MRSA, such as towels, wash cloths, clothes or athletic equipment.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or more commonly, MRSA, is an emerging infectious disease affecting many people worldwide. MRSA, in particular, is a very interesting disease because although many people can be carriers of it, it generally only affects those with a depressed immune system; this is why it is so prevalent in places like nursing homes and hospitals. It can be spread though surgeries, artificial joints, tubing, and skin-to-skin contact. Although there is not one specific treatment of this disease, there are ways to test what antibiotics work best and sometimes antibiotics aren’t even necessary.

Another difficulty of why MRSA is a problem because of the environmental effects of treatment resistance. An example of the environmental effects of treatment resistance is when Journal of the American Academy of Physicians Assistants says, the bacteria may become immune to antibacterial products used in hospitals. Patients in a hospital for a long period of time may be exposed to the bacteria. Anything involving cutting human skin or placing a device into a body can make them susceptible to MRSA infection. If one shares a room with another patient with MRSA infection, he will most likely become infected (2010). This means that when you go to a hospital and stay there for a long time, you have a higher risk of getting MRSA. This shows the

The main hospital strains are already partially or fully resistant to the effects of commonly used antibiotics. Resistance is also emerging to last resort drugs like vancomycin. The more virulent community strains of MRSA are infiltrating hospitals while the more resistant hospital strain is leaking into the community. The history of MRSA as described in Superbug shows how quickly bacteria can evolve when we add a strong selective force like antibiotics. Around the world, species of bacteria are becoming “superbugs” that are resistant to conventional treatments. Pharmaceutical companies are cutting research on new antibiotics in favor of more profitable investments. We are quickly running out of options for treating multi-drug resistant bacteria. As we move toward a “post-antibiotic” world, there are valuable lessons to be found in the history of MRSA, one of the first superbugs. Students in Emerging Diseases should read Superbug to learn about the complex emergence of

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA is a source of major concern for public health. MRSA is no longer a sole property of inpatients’ infections, but spreads quickly in the community, responsible for more deaths in the US than AIDS. It demonstrates increasing prevalence not only among people with weak immune systems, but also among those who we consider to be the healthiest.

My organization is currently using targeted MRSA surveillance of only those patients who meet the predetermined criteria such as screening those patients who are from the nursing home, ICU patients, and patients who have a history of MRSA. The practice of universal MRSA surveillance presents a great opportunity for decreasing the incidence and risk of MRSA transmission and hospital acquired infection. It is a great tool to improve and implement measures designed at providing a higher quality of care and improving patients’ outcome. I believe that these types of evidence should prompt hospitals or healthcare organizations to take the opportunity and take advantage of the data that was gathered to utilize the use of universal MRSA screening.

Everyone is at risk to get the MRSA infection, especially if you have commonly done any of the above. "Two in 100 people carry MRSA." (CDC, MRSA) The risk of contracting MRSA is higher if you, have a low immune system, are in a hospital a lot (inpatient care), if you have had a catheter/IV, if you are sharing personal items, and if you are in close contact with others a lot. So how can you reduce your risk? "By maintaining good hand and body hygiene, keep cuts and scrapes covered until healed, avoid sharing personal items, get care early." (CDC, MRSA)

MRSA is no longer solely transmitted throughout the health care setting, it is within the community. The risk factors of MRSA within the health care setting is being hospitalized because patient are more vulnerable, having an invasive medical device implanted because it allows MRSA easier access into the body and staying in a long-term care facility because even carriers of MRSA may spread the disease(Methicillin Resistant Staphyloccus aureus (MRSA), 2016). The risk factors within the community is partaking in contact activities because of the skin to skin contact and the cuts and abrasion which MRSA can get into and living in a crowded area or unsanitary conditions because MRSA can easily be spread (Methicillin Resistant Staphyloccus aureus (MRSA),

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections that are becoming increasingly difficult to treat because of emerging resistance to all current antibiotics. Infections are created by pathogens, or microbes that create diseases. There are different types of microbes including: bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Some microbes are beneficial to the human body, however, there are pathogens that are deadly and require antibiotics. Antibiotics are antimicrobials that were developed to destroy microbes. Penicillin, the first commercialized antibiotic, was discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming.(Enright, Robinson, Randle, 2002) While it wasn’t distributed among the general public until 1945, it was widely used in World War II for surgical and wound infections among the Allied Forces. Methicillin was introduced in 1959 to treat infections caused by penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In 1961, there were reports from the United Kingdom of S. aureus isolates that had acquired resistance to methicillin (methicillin-resistant S. aureus, MRSA).(Enright, Robinson, Randle, 2002)

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a pathogen that causes many complicated health infections in our body. It’s a type of s. aureus bacteria that can produced by process of resistance to many antibiotics such as dicloxacillin, oxacillin, and methicillin. Why is MRSA so dangerous? Its natural ability is to continue transforming in ways to prevent from antibiotic from being completely successful in the batter against MRSA. The US had spent billions of dollar every year into research in order to prevent it from further spreading. In order to do so, we must step up to advance our technology and knowledge to be able to defeat the bacterial warfare. This research will discuss the prevalence and different factors of the disease, it

The most pervasive anti-toxin safe disease that must be considered and comprehend in the current world is the "Methicillin-safe Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) contamination". It is caused by a strain of Staphylococcus microbes that have created impervious to the basic anti-microbial for treating ordinary staphylococcic aureus disease. This anti-microbial safe contamination happened in patients living in doctor's facilities. The MRSA disease in the healing centers is caused by utilizing obtrusive gadgets or strategies, for example, intravenous tubing and surgeries.

The epidemiological triad for CA-MRSA is slightly different. The environment is obviously not a healthcare facility, but rather a general community and the host characteristics are different. Rather than being an immunocompromised individual the hosts are typically young and affiliated with activities that put them in close proximity to others. Hosts are characteristically members of health clubs or sports teams (Davis et al., 2007). The agent is still an antibiotic resistant strain of S. aureus, but studies have shown that the specific isolates of CA-MRSA are different than those that cause hospital acquired

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the major pathogens associated with community-acquired serious nosocomial infection because these strains generally show multiple drug resistance which limits treatment possibilities (7).

The 4 studies that are using screening methods all show a decline in MRSA transmission. The study in Japanese hospital (Juntendo University Hospital), AC-S was performed on 179 (first phase) and 255 (second phase) patients who had a history of MRSA carriage in the past 5 years. The percentage of MRSA positive patients in phase 1 was 38.0% (68 of 179) and this increased in the second phase to 54.5% (128 of 235) with P<0.001. The average monthly transmission rate of MRSA decreased from 0.35 per 1000 bed-days in phase 1 0.26 in phase 2 (P<0.05). The average monthly use AHR also increased from 10,308 ml in phase 1 to 12,894 ml in phase 2 (Ohkushi et al., 2013). Another study in Tokyo Medical and Dental University hospital, also based in Japan

In our study, the blood samples (32 isolated from 134 available isolates) were the highest among other samples. 11.9% of all specimens belonged to the MRSA strains taken from blood samples, which are similar to the findings of the study by Mostafa et al. In 2015 in Tehran, the highest number of isolates S.aureus bacteria wasisolated from blood samples (27 out of 139 isolates obtained) (4). In this regard, and in a study conducted by Ren et al. in China in 2009, from 186 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 67.9% were MRSA strains from sputum (10). The difference in the presence of MRSA between our studies and Ren et al.’s study could be due to the differences in the control of the transmission pathways of this bacterium in any of the sampling hospital.