Macbeth Journals
1. Murder
Murder is a recurring theme in the tragedy of Macbeth. Although there are countless murders, the play DOES distinguish between honorable and dishonorable violence. For example, Macbeth begins to form an internal conflict prior to murdering Duncan. The conflict can be seen throughout lines 34-64 of Scene 2 in Act two, specifically with the lines, “I see thee yet, in form as palpable as this which now I draw.” This murder is definitely seen as a dishonorable death, as Macbeth murders Duncan due to the fact that he wishes the prophecy to come true. Another example of dishonorable death would be in scene three of act three, when murderers are hired to kill Banquo. This death is seen as dishonorable as it was
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However, he then realized that murdering those two catalyzed his downfall, and eventually was the cause of his death in the end. Also, the murders began to make Macbeth go insane; he began to see ghosts of Banquo, specifically at dinner. An example of this can be found in Act two scene one during Macbeth’s soliloquy. Macbeth begins to imagine things; he says, “IS this a dagger which I see before me, the handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee.” Obviously, Macbeth’s conscience has been manipulated. This shows a prime example of the last section of the theme, “Foul is Fair”. Macbeth’s murdering has now become dishonorable, and the theme suggests that he now deserves to be driven insane. The first part of the theme, “Foul is Fair” is emphasized particularly at the end of the play. Macduff’s “foul” action of killing Macbeth is considered fair. Macduff only murders Macbeth because Macbeth has caused tragedy upon Macduff, and he will want to avenge his family and put an end to Macbeth’s reign. Macbeth’s death is often praised as honorable as it was well deserved. Without a doubt, the theme of “Fair is foul and foul is Fair” is a reoccurring element throughout the tragedy of Macbeth. It serves as an element of payback, and also gives meaning to those who have been struck by dishonorable actions.
5. Withces
Shakespeare utilizes the characteristics of the witches throughout the play. Not only
Shakespeare portrays Macbeth as an invincible general who suppresses the insurgency and defends the country, and he symbolizes the model of realm’s morality at that time; however, witches’ prophecy changes his pure destiny. According to the first line of Macbeth on the stage - “So foul and fair a day I have not seen”, Shakespeare expresses Macbeth’s internal self-contradiction by the view of the world. “Foul and fair” also stands for the unity of contradiction between conscience and ambition of Macbeth. Because of his nature of anxiety and excess of human feelings, he does not choose the closest way to his desire. Also, Macbeth’s desire wakes by witches’ prophecy, the prophecy is like a bundle of burning firewood throwing to Macbeth’s ignorant ambition. He is enchanted in his brilliant fate and expresses “Two truths are told, as happy prologues to the swelling act of the imperial
Macbeth murders many to gain power. He causes the suffering of families and murders former friends. The violence starts with the murder of the king, Duncan, who’d trusted and honored Macbeth; Macbeth kills him to gain the position of king. Duncan’s death is the catalyst; Macbeth subsequently begins to use violence as a regular way to attain power. He murders his former friend, Banquo, refusing to accept that Banquo’s sons will be kings as prophesized by the witches. He says in regard to the prophecy, “Rather than so, come fate into the list, / And champion me to th' utterance.” Instead of accepting fate, he challenges the prophecy and orders Banquo’s death. His final homicide is the massacre of Lord Macduff’s family. When Macduff hears of the brutal slaughter, he cries, “That were most precious to me. Did heaven look on, / And would not take their
Macbeth was conscious that his thoughts are used for “only [for] vaulting ambition” and yet he does nothing to correct the situation of his thoughts. Macbeth was not mentally deranged before the killing of Duncan and is able to differentiate good from evil, nevertheless he chose to commit regicide. Macbeth reveals that he knows what he is about to do is immoral, and that that “judgement here…. [will be] taught [to] return to plague the inventor”. This ambition eventually lead Macbeth to greed and paranoia; making him willing to do anything necessary in order to secure his position of power. It also becomes easier and easier for Macbeth to commit heinous crimes. Without thinking twice, he orders the murders of Macduff's family, including his children. Macbeth's selfishness and reckless ambition lead him to his own demise.
With attention to the murder of King Duncan, Macbeth struggles with the morality of his actions. Before the murder takes place, Macbeth begins to believe that the murder will “be the be-all and the end-all” to his clear conscious and would risk him to eternal damnation (Act I, line 5). Yet, the murder would bring him power over Scotland and he “shalt be kind” as told by the Weird Sisters(Act 1, line 50). Macbeth goes off of his ambition to murder King Duncan. The internal struggle of choosing mortality over motives brought forth an intense shift of loyalty to betrayal. The murder caused for Macbeth to turn on Scotland and only care for his own selfish motives. The betrayal causes for the play to become horrific and have a double meaning. Macbeth must put on a face to hide his murder to become the king. The double meaning is how Macbeth looks like a hero to all of Scotland, but only the people on the inside know of his horrific actions. He had to murder to to get the position of King, but the
The second murder that Macbeth has committed was also an essential component in the murder of Duncan. It consisted of Macbeth killing the 2 guards while approaching Duncan because one of them yelled “murder!” in his sleep which woke both of them up so Macbeth decides to kill them to cover his tracks. This action backfires on him because if he didn't kill the guards, he could've gotten away with it and many of the people in his kingdom including Macduff would've still had respect for him and not have suspicions about him which could've potentially changed the whole course of the story. The irony in this murder is that after he killed the guards, he lied about killing them by telling Macduff and Lennox that when he went to Duncan's room and found him dead, he became enraged by the sight of the guards, covered in blood and holding the daggers, and killed them to avenge Duncan's death but Macduff didn't buy his story, exhibits further signs
The crime of killing Duncan seems especially barbaric as Macbeth killed him in his sleep. After killing Duncan, Macbeth becomes somewhat remorseful and also afraid.
2. 65-67). Macbeth is pushed by Lady Macbeth to murder King Duncan and make the prophecy of being King come true. As a kinsmen and subject, Macbeth murdering King Duncan is a betrayal, especially due to the selfish reasoning of getting himself the throne. Therefore, under the circumstances of betraying the King, Macbeth murdering King Duncan is dishonourable violence. Second, Macbeth hiring people to murder Banquo is dishonourable. Macbeth said, “And with thy bloody and invisible hand/ Cancel and tear to pieces that great bond/ Which keeps me pale.” (3. 3. 54-57). Macbeth fears that Banquo will figure out that he murdered King Duncan, because he heard the witches give Macbeth the prophecy. Also, Macbeth is jealous because the witches inform him that Banquo will father a line of Kings, but he will bear a fruitless crown. Macbeth hiring people to murder Banquo is unjust, especially due to the reasoning of fear and jealousy. Therefore, under the circumstances of unjust fear and jealously, Macbeth second-handedly murdering Banquo is dishonourable violence. To compare, honourable and dishonourable violence are distinguished by the outcomes. In the cases of honourable murders, there are beneficial outcomes; the Scottish army won the battle and the tyrannical reign of Macbeth was ended. In the cases of dishonourable murders, there are negative outcomes; the noble reign of the beloved King Duncan was ended and Banquo, a highly regarded man and father, was
It shows his greediness towards becoming king, and shows the motivation he has to go out and kill someone in order to achieve kingliness. When Macbeth uses greed, it almost only ends in the death of another person/group of people, and this is to either make him king, or ensure he and his bloodline stays on the throne. These greedy actions lead to a whole host of negatives for Macbeth, eventually ending in his demise at the hands of Macduff. Macduff is seen as a threat to Macbeth and his staying in power. So, in turn, Macbeth decides to hire some murderers to go kill Macduff’s wife and kids. This is proven in act 4 when Macbeth says: “The castle of Macduff I will surprise; / Seize upon Fife; give to th' edge o' th' sword / His wife, his babes, and all unfortunate souls / That trace him in his line. No boasting like a fool; / This deed I'll do before this purpose cool. (IV.i.150-155)”, which states that Macbeth orders all of Macduff’s family killed, only to scare Macduff away. Finally, when Macbeth orders the murder of Banquo and his son Fleance, it demonstrates the need that Macbeth has in keeping his bloodline on the throne. Greed in Macbeth is driven by inner rage and senseless violence, and results in many bloody deaths in order to make Macbeth’s life better.
After the prophecies were put forward to Macbeth stating that he would one day have the "golden round" upon his head, Macbeth became paranoid and power hungry. He could not get the idea of being the king out of his head and he had no remorse as he killed many men with a passion, in order to climb the social hierarchy. Each death marked another step closer to Kingship. It is fair to say that Macbeths habits lived by the witches philosophy of life, "fair is foul, and foul is fair", because each time "the devil speaks true", the more ambitious Macbeth becomes. Lady Macbeth is a strong influence on Macbeths ambitions as she manipulates him about his masculinity and bravery, "when you durst do it then you were a man". She questions his courage and manliness as she wielded enormous influence upon his mind, leading him to take drastic actions to prove his worth. Macbeth rises to his ladies challenge and takes "foul" and unjust actions in doing so. He orders the murder of anyone who threatened his position, alike Macduff and his family, and even took extraordinary measures of killing his best friend in order to protect the throne. Ultimately, Macbeth's ambitions increase after he comes across the witches and their prophecies. Lady Macbeth employed self-doubt upon Macbeth by implying he was
Along with ambition, guilt is another common theme seen throughout Macbeth. Almost all of the main characters are seen to have some sort of guilt during the course of the play, but two stand out far beyond the rest. That is Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Since they both were in on the conspiracy to kill King Duncan, they both share it as a heavy burden. They both seem to handle it in different ways however. Macbeth, being the one who has committed the actual murder or one of his close friends, is immediately shown to be full of regret as he states, "Wake Duncan with thy knocking. I would thou couldst"(2.2.75-76). Macbeth shows for a short time that he would go back and "wake," or revive King Duncan if he had the chance. We then see Macbeth start to become somewhat insane, being eaten away by the guilt of this murder. As for Lady Macbeth, she is guilty for a multitude of reasons. Along with Macbeth, Lady Macbeth does share the burden of killing King Duncan, but is also burdened by Macbeth 's growing reign of tyranny. As seen throughout the last few acts, Lady Macbeth is being eaten away by her guilt, feeling that this is all her fault. Right before the scene where Invernous, Macbeth 's castle, is stormed she her guilt drives her to end it all. She commits suicide right before Macbeth 's rule comes to a tragic end. I feel that Shakespeare has used the theme of
The theme is most clearly stated in the line, “Fair is foul, and foul is fair” (I. i. 3). On the literary level it is merely a paradoxical phrase, but it also represents the duality of the playThe text of Macbeth provides a collection of examples of the dual nature of the theme. The witches predict Macbeth will be “Not so happy, yet much happier” (I. i. 14). Macbeth thinks he’ll be happy as king and this entitles him to take the title by whatever means necessary, even murder. Lady Macbeth furthers his descent into deceit by encouraging the murder and playing on his masculinity, though he was having second thoughts (“Dramatic Effects”). Macbeth becomes the epitome of the theme when he hosts Duncan in his home. Lady Macbeth advises him to embrace this two-facedness, “Look like th’ innocent flower, But be the serpent under ‘t”
Throughout the play of Macbeth, the reader can see a decay of morals in the two main characters, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. As the characters grow more brutal, the need for a harsh punishment grows with them. Though they do receive retribution, Macbeth’s does not fit his crime. Because of Macbeth’s lack of remorse along with the amount of blood on his hands, he deserves a harsher punishment than Lady Macbeth, who only directly contributed to one murder.
Macbeth’s mental and moral deterioration throughout the play engages the audience illustrating how guilt overwhelms his conscience He believes he hears voices crying “Macbeth has murdered sleep” this demonstrates how he is battling against his morals and his ambition. His good qualities are battling his bad thoughts and this is the main reason for his mental downfall which makes for a deeply engaging plot. Macbeth goes from being a man of bravery, strength, honour yet he slowly loses these qualities. He once believed that killing a good man was an evil, un-worthy thing to do yet by the end of the play he is killing the people he once had close relationships with to get himself out of the mess that was dragging him deeper into despair and tragedy. This process is enthralling for the audience who cannot resist watching him go to any length to save himself as his morals go into deep decline. Ambition has completely taken over him in the soliloquy in which he states; “I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent, but only Vaulting ambition, which o’erleap itself and falls on the other.” In this instance Macbeth is interesting because he realises that the only thing that is making him want to kill Duncan is
Theme of Fair is Foul in William Shakespeare's Macbeth 'Fair is Foul' is the major theme in Macbeth and is present throughout the play in both the characters and the events. ' Fair is Foul' refers to the contrast of good and evil in the play, since Macbeth commits many evil murders for what seem to be good reasons. There are several false and secretive characters, such as the Witches, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, because of the contradiction of good and evil. Therefore the theme of 'Fair is Foul' is also linked to the theme of appearances being deceiving. As a result of this theme lots of chaos, lies, secrets and total disorder are caused.
The play examines the effects of evil on Macbeth’s character and on his subsequent moral behavior. The later murders flow naturally out of the first. Evil breeds evil because Macbeth, to protect himself and consolidate his position, is forced to murder again (Harbage, 1963). Successively, he kills Banquo, attempts to murder Fleance, and brutally exterminates Macduff’s family. As his crimes increase, Macbeth’s freedom seems to decrease, but his moral responsibility does not. His actions become more cold-blooded as his options disappear. Shakespeare does not allow Macbeth any moral excuses. The dramatist is aware of the notion that any action performed makes it more likely that the person will perform other such actions. The operation of this phenomenon is apparent as Macbeth finds it increasingly easier to rise to the gruesome occasion. However, the dominant inclination never becomes a total determinant of behavior, so Macbeth does not have the excuse of loss of free will. It does however become ever more difficult to break the chain of events that are rushing him toward moral and physical destruction.