Machine Learning In Computer Science

     The Turing Test has had a rich history since its creation by Alan Turing. But first of all, who was Alan Turing? As Whitby notes Alan Turing was a superb British mathematician. During World War II Turing worked in secrecy for the British military to break the German military codes together with some other scientists using some machines that had some characteristics of the modern computers.(12) After the War, a machine was built in Manchester from which “all modern computers are descended”.(12) In 1948, Alan Turing was writing programs for this machine and was also writing the paper “Computing machinery and intelligence”, published in 1950, from which the concept of the Turing Test was derived later on. (Whitby 13).

In this article Car referenced many sources, one of which includes the University College London, who conducted a five-year research program, that examined computer

The origin of the computer resides with the military. The computer itself was created by the military during the Cold War era, when we were in a technological race with Russia. This race was the fuel for massive advancements in technology especially in the sector of computer intelligence. The first Computer’s were physically large enough to fill an entire room. They were used to manage large quantities of data in textual and numerical form. The government backed certain research facilities in the advancement of the computer and some investigated and experimented in computer technology with art and music. 1

Computers are in a way smart but they have no imagination .They can only follow instructions and rules which means they can’t think for themselves and produce genuine thoughts of their own. Computers cannot think they behave in a manner similar to humans’ memory functioning in the brain. They are programmed to accept information, run it and display the information as a result on the screen. The humans are who think but on the contrary case computers need to be initiated and maintained by a person to perform operations at the best rate possible. Unlike computers, human beings are thinkers as determined by nature. It is the computerized intelligence made by people in a computer that confuses them to end up with this thought of computers

Machine Learning at its most basic is the practice of using algorithms to parse data, learn from it, and then make a determination or prediction about something in the world. So rather than hand-coding software routines with a specific set of instructions to accomplish a particular task, the machine is “trained” using large amounts of data and algorithms that give it the ability to learn how to perform the task [12]. Deep learning is another Machine Learning (ML) algorithm. Deep learning is essentially a set of techniques that help you to parameterize deep neural network structures, neural networks with many, many layers and parameters. Deep Learning breaks down tasks in ways that makes all kinds of machine assists seem possible, even likely. The confusion matrix, in Figure 8 shows that the accuracy of this model is (90.80) with weighted average precision (91.37) greater than recall (91.11) and F1-score (91.24). From the above results, it appears that Deep Learning classifier achieve higher accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score.

Computer science is, in comparison to most sciences, a relatively new field starting as early as the 1930’s for military based projects and eventually adapting in the early 1980’s to the personal computers we have today. If we were to look into a “brief history of computers starting with the 1950’s we would see huge series of cathode tubes and switches taking up entire rooms. These computers were designed for military intelligence and predominantly comprised of computing long calculations run by paper punch cards and manual switches.” (Ceruzzi pg. 28)

In 1950 the well-known mathematician Alan Turing has elaborated an experiment and test based on the interaction of a person with the unknown object in another room. At the end of the experiment the machine that was proclaimed to behave as a person passed the test. The author of the text cites that the participants could hear the questions, type, or ask it aloud. In the response they observed statements that were synthesized on the screen. 1990 Hugh Loebner has granted an award to a designer of the computer that could pass the test.

The first ever computer was invented in the 1820s by Charlse Babbage. However the first electronic digital computer were developed between 1940 and 1945 in the United States and in the United Kingdom. They were gigantic, originally the size of a large room, and also need to be supply a large amount of power source which is equivalent as several hundred modern personal computers. The history of computer hardware covers the developments from simple devices to aid calculation, to mechanical calculators, punched card data processing and on to modern stored program computers. The tools or mechanical tool used to help in calculation are called calculators while the machine operator that help in calculations is called computer. At first the

Artificial intelligence, or AI, is a field of computer science that attempts to simulate characteristics of human intelligence or senses. These include learning, reasoning, and adapting. This field studies the designs of intelligent

Nowadays, data mining and machine learning become rapidly growing topics in both industry and academic areas. Companies, government laborites and top universities are all contributing in knowledge discovery of pattern recognition, text categorization, data clustering, classification prediction and more. In general, data mining is the technique used to analyze data from multi perspectives and reveal the hidden gem behind the enormous amount of data. With the explosive growth of data collections, it becomes time-consuming less effective to extract valuable information from massive databases through the use of traditional data analysis methods. An alternative way to solve this problem is to apply data mining, given considerations

Computer Forensics is crucial to solving computer related criminal investigations. The world has evolved a great deal in technology but this has led to the misuse of the resources as well. It is of utmost importance to be able to stop cyber attacks; however it is no easy task as the current forensic tools are not designed to analyze the large amount of data which is the result of the vast use of digital storage and media. This paper is the integration of two research subjects which discusses about the use of Artificial Intelligence in Computer Forensics. It mainly

Alan Turing was a famous British mathematician and computer scientist who was determined to prove that machines at some point (possibly sometime in the future) would be able to surpass humans in intelligence levels. In order to prove this true, he created what became to be known as, “The Turing Test.” This test was basically to see if a computer could trick a person into believing that it was human. It would be asked a series of questions, which would be compared to responses of the human. It was designed so that one could judge the intelligence level of the computers’ responses. Turing believed that if a human could not tell the difference between another human and a computer, then it served as proof that a computer is equally intelligent as a human. Due to a large

This case study is based on a China based university which comprises of 8323 students & it provides higher education in various fields. It is because the tuition fees is higher education is higher in China. The reform of higher education is depleting from universities in China. It is because of tuition fees increasing every year in china, many students cannot afford it which is major concern for their lifestyle. Due to this concern, government helps this university to build support system for

The amount of women achieving a degree in computer science is decreasing due to to common stereotypes women believe about computer science and the experiences they have while studying computer science. According to the National Center for Women & Information Technology only “17% of 2014 Computer Science and Information Sciences bachelor’s degree recipients were female”(NCWIT Fact Sheet). Computer Science is mainly a male dominated field. There are many factors that come into play when a woman decides to become a computer science major. With the lack of encouragement women get there needs to be a strong surrounding of powerful role models and mentors that women have access to. Interviewing Rebecca Wright, Professor in the Department of Computer Science in Rutgers New Brunswick and the director of DIMACS (Center for Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science), gave me insight on how important it is to have realistic role models in a young woman 's life. Young girls must ignore the common stereotypes they hear about women in the STEM field. There is plenty of advice to come to help girls understand their importance in computer science.

The first devices that resemble modern computers date to the mid-20th century (around 1940 - 1945), although the computer concept and various machines similar to computers existed earlier. Early electronic computers were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers.[1] Modern computers are based on tiny integrated circuits and are millions to billions of times more capable while occupying a fraction of the space.[2] Today, simple computers may be made small enough to fit into a wristwatch and be powered from a watch battery. Personal computers in various forms are icons of the Information Age and are what most people think of as "a computer"; however, the most