Macroecnomics

ECON 2301 Principles of Macroeconomics Time: Th 7:05 pm – 9:45 pm Synonym: 40512 Section: 023 Room: NRG2 2120

The paper is the Evaluation of Macroeconomic performance of Australia and US from 1990 to 2013. The Australian economy has encountered persistent development and components low unemployment, contained swelling, low open obligation, and an in number and stable budgetary framework. By 2012, Australia had encountered over 20 years of preceded with financial development, averaging 3.5% a year. The US has the biggest and most innovatively capable economy on the planet, with a for every

1. If an economy produces final output worth $5 trillion, then the amount of gross

The study and application of macroeconomics influences the well-being of a nation by achieving high rates of material production and by keeping track of how much of something is being consumed. The United States is one of the wealthiest countries in the globe, making the government powerful. Government intervention in the Untied States is an important factor that keeps the economy running. Enough power to control the business cycle keeps money circulating the nation. The business cycle includes economic downturns, classified as recessions, expansions, business-cycle peaks and troughs. A good government is essential for the economy to run smoothly. There are three main macroeconomic variables in the nation that the government focuses on, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), unemployment rate, and inflation rate.

The current macroeconomic situation in the United States is making a significant improvement due to the increase of productivity, 4.6 percent economic development, and with unemployment at 5.3 percent. But despite these positive results, many difficulties are still incoming locally and worldwide.

21) Huey has eaten two hamburgers and is considering a third. The marginal benefit in his decision is the pleasure from consuming

The average growth peaked during 2003-2008, but most countries have been strongly impacted by the 2008 financial crisis, which led to prolonged period of recession. In Central and Eastern European countries, prior to downturn, large, relatively cheap capital inflows entered the economy, creating credit, consumption and real estate booms. During crisis, problems such as declining export performance, sizeable external liabilities, highly leveraged firms and quickly expanding general government debt, were further exacerbated by low growth and poor adjustment capacity. Growth rebounded on the account of increased trade with the Euro Area, inflow of European Union funds, low commodity prices and higher consumption. At the same time, low commodity prices, slowdown in China, international sanctions for Russia and political instability led to output contraction in the former Soviet Union countries (World Bank, Global Economic Prospects,

GDP and the economy: Third estimates for the first quarter of 2013. Survey of Current Business. July 2013; 93 (7), 1 Retrieved from http://proxy.cecybrary.com/login?url=http://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/detail?vid=3&sid=5a4d1607-26d1-4702-aa4e-2813451791d0%40sessionmgr4&hid=17&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#db=f5h&AN=89992363.

For different purpose, the different GDP frames will be used. “Real GDP is the value of final goods and services produced in a given year when valued at the prices of a reference base year; Nominal GDP is the value of final goods and services produced in a given year when valued at the prices of that year. The maximum level of real GDP that can be produced while avoiding shortages of labour, capital, land and entrepreneurial ability that would bring rising inflation is called potential GDP (McTaggart, Findlay & Parkin, 2012).” In this essay, GDP stands for real GDP, and real GDP can be calculated by either the expenditure approach or the income approach. In this essay, the expenditure approach will be used. Aggregate expenditure describes the relationship between total consumption and national income. It can be calculated with a formula: AE = C + I + G + NX. In this formula, the C stands for household consumption, the I stands for investment expenditure, the G stands for government expenditure and the NX stands for net export expenditure. The change of these components will eventually affect real GPD. The expenditure approach is important because it can tell the government of consumers’ demand so that the government can better allocate resources. It can also convey the economic situation signals to the central bank to help them to carry out macroeconomic regulation and control. The figure 1 below shows the aggregate expenditure

6. Why do economists use real GDP rather than nominal GDP to gauge economic well-being?

Constantly changing, the world economy will never be the same as it was a year ago, a month ago, or even a day ago. It might repeat itself in a similar manner or proceed in cycles but because of globalization it never stagnates and there is endless activity. Two hundred years in the past, our society and economy was radically different and went through multiple phases to reach where we are today. Though the boundaries of these phases cannot be specifically defined, the world economy from 1850 until present day can be roughly split up into three different stages. The first stage being British dominance, the second being American domination, and lastly globalization

Q1. The article “What Big Economics Got Right, or Wrong, After Crises” discusses the reason that U.S. and U.K. have made better progress compared to Japan and Europe did since the 2007 global financial crisis.

John Greenwood authored an article entitled “Annual Economic Outlook 2013” which provided the following macroeconomic indices forecast for 2014 for seven (7) leading economies in the world. The speed at which developed economies can repair their balance sheets is most critical to the household and financial sectors of the US, Eurozone and UK economies. How effectively the developed economies can address the problems of government sector debt will also have a major impact on economic growth.

* McConnell, C., Brue, S., & Flynn, S. (2012). Macroeconomics: Principles, Problems and Policies, Nineteenth Edition. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

The following charts highlight the economic data of the US, Japan, Canada and the UK over the 2008-2011 period, illustrating the change in the different economic measures, from the St. Louis Fed International Trends Publication,