Macromolecular Interactions

Enduring Understanding 4.A: Interactions Within biological systems lead to complex properties. Overview Almost every aspect of biology involves interaction between different components and systems. It starts all the way at the cellular level with the interactions of cell organelles that allow a cell to function and it goes all the way up to the way different ecosystems come together to form complex communities and interactions. It is these interactions that make biological systems complex and how cells are specialized in one animal affects the way that animal interacts with the others around it. These interactions create ever changing and unique properties that make organisms function in the way in which they do so.

There are four basic macromolecules that contribe to healthy eating, Carbohydrates, proteins, fats and lipids. Each one of these needs to maintant a balance in your diet despit the diets that promote elimating them all together from your meals.

Carbon has unique properties that allow macromolecules to form. One is that carbon can form four covalent bonds. This is because of the four valence electrons it has. A carbon atom can have a triple bond with one atom and still have an extra electron to share with another atom.

Enantiomers are two same chemical moieties which have a different spatial arrangement. They are described as mirror images of each other, that is they are non-superimposable. They have similar physical properties but differs in some chemical properties. The two different arrangements are classifieds as L- and D-, depending upon the functional group of reference.

. The 3-D tertiary structure of polypeptide proteins globular and is the result of interactions that occur between R groups. Tertiary structure is a result of the bonds between sidechains of amino acids, the R groups. The structure and bonds involve alpha helices, beta pleated sheets, and also

Hypothesis: If we submerge Chicken, Steak, and Fish into Coca Cola then there will be no changes to any of the meats. Research: As stated on Wikipedia proteins are large biomolecules, these are any molecule that is present in living organisms such a carbohydrates , or macromolecules

Enzymes catalyse the macromolecular biologic process produced from living molecules, or cells. They create, accelerate or catalyse a chemical reaction between at least one other molecule, this is known as to synthesise. At the preenzyme process the target molecule is known as a substrate, once converted by the enzyme the changed molecule is referred to as the product. In

Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment. There are many different types of interactions that can take place in which some organisms benefit and some are harmed. One example of an interaction between organisms where both organisms benefit is mutualism. An example of mutualism takes place between a honeybee and a flower. When a bee lands on a flower it positively benefits by eating the nectar. Then, when it lands on another flower, the pollen from the first flower is transferred to the next flower to help the plant reproduce. Alternatively of mutualism is another type of interaction called competition. In this case, both organisms are negatively affected.

There are four different types of macromolecules Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Carbohydrates They are in everything that we need to live So now let’s break them down and see what’s inside Macromolecules are polymers that are made of monomers That are made of monomers, that are made of C, H, N, O, and P Macromolecules are

Proteins that are targeted for degradation use energy from ATP hydrolysis to form an isopeptide bond between the targeted protein and ubiquitin. In addition, the activated carboxyl terminal glycine of ubiquitin is covalently bonded to the ε–amino groups in multiple Lys located in the

When someone thinks about “life”, he or she may think of humans, animals, plants, or anything that may breathe. From a biological perspective, life is not only made from breathing. Life is created from many different levels that when all comes to end, makes the biosphere. From smallest to largest, the Hierarchy of Structural Organization will be explained. Atoms are the smallest particle that is still considered an element. Atoms are composed of subatomic particles, which include electrons, protons, and neutrons. At the chemical level, atoms are combined together which make molecules. The human body contains four “macromolecules” which are molecules that contain a high number of atoms. The macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The cellular level contains cells, which can be eukaryotic or prokaryotic. The cells make up what we call tissues. A tissue is a collection of cells

Data: Observations: Dry ice was white, cylindrical shaped solid that smoked and sublimed when placed onto paper towel. The solids were crushed into a fine grain and a few small chunks. While in the pipet, the dry ice crystallized on outside bottom and inside some layer of “fog” and smoke was created. During submersion into the cup of water, the dry ice observed began to liquefy (the triple point) and after the first slight release of the pliers on the pipet, there was an explosion.

A majority of biochemical reactions require enzymes. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up reactions by lowering associated activation energies.1 More specifically, enzymes bind substrates and hold them in an orientation that increases the likelihood of them coming into contact with other reactants.1

Kinetics is essentially the study of reaction rates and how they can be affected. Factors such as concentration, pressure, temperature, and enzyme activity, are commonly tested regarding their impact on the rate of a reaction (Khan Academy, 2017). It is important to recognise and understand the components that affect the

Ribosomal ribonucleic acid, or rRNA, is the principle component of the ribosome and is crucial in the development of proteins for living cells. Approximately 80-85% of a cell’s total RNA is made up of rRNA. The low molecular weight transfer RNA (tRNA), which aids in bringing amino acids