Macromolecules Research Paper

Atoms are the basic units of matter and all life is based on them. Life on earth is based on the element carbon. It is a highly versatile atom able to form four covalent bonds with itself or other atoms such as hydrogen and water. Atoms combine to form molecules and those that are carbon based are referred to as organic molecules. Organic molecules occur in four different types in living cells; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. They are also known as hydrocarbons due to the presence of both hydrogen and carbon. Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio 1:2:1. They are important sources of energy and are classified in three main groups; monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.

Macromolecules are large numbers of atoms. In this lab there were three major macromolecules which were sugar, starch and fats which were all tested and studied. There was also the subunit of carbohydrate which was sugar what was also tested in the lab. The subunits of of the three major macromolecules were amino acids which makes up the macromolecule of protein there was also glucose which is the subunit of the macromolecule starch the final subunit was the fatty acids which make up the macromolecule of lipids or fats. There were a variety of food solutions that were tested during the lab. Not all food solutions had a macromolecule present for example in the Biurets test for protein only the solutions of albumin, pepsin, and peanut butter had significant protein. Another test during

The most common macromolecules found in living organisms are lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids. Briefly, the meaning of macromolecules is that they normally contain two or more molecules in them and their main functions are to store energy, information and much more. Most foods are known to be combinations of macromolecules. While some of these compounds can be detected by taste tests, many cannot. Scientists then use certain tests to determine the presence of macromolecules.

An organic molecule is a molecule that must have Carbon and Hydrogen. They are important because they act as a backbone for all living matter. Without Carbon and Hydrogen, life would not exist. A monomer is one subunit or building block of a larger molecule. The four types of organic molecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

c)Lipids monomer(s) are called fatty acid and glycerol. The functional group is called ester. The linkage type of lipids is non polar bonds or sometimes called ester bonds. The primary function of lipids is energy, hormone production and insulation of the body.

A macromolecule can be any of a general selection of molecules, such as: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and

Then, nucleic acids are made up of nucleotides and has the ability to make new cells. Finally, Lipids. Lipids are made up of glycerol and fatty acids. Lipids play a big role in the body, it provides cushion and insulation for the larger organisms in our bodies. All of these macromolecules and monomers are needed to make energy.

Lipids make up the outer membranes of cells, while carbohydrates can be used to make exoskeletons. Furthermore, the glycerol heads in lipids are made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen which are attached to long hydrocarbon tails. Carbohydrates must have this ratio of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen:(CH2O)n They both contain a lot of energy. Another similarity is that both carbohydrates and lipids can be used to provide structure. Both are broken by hydrolysis and combined using dehydration

This section will dealt with the main organic molecules in living things: carbohydrates, fats ( lipids ), proteins and nucleic acids.

There are four basic macromolecules that contribe to healthy eating, Carbohydrates, proteins, fats and lipids. Each one of these needs to maintant a balance in your diet despit the diets that promote elimating them all together from your meals.

Macromolecules play a crucial role in the functions of living systems, and so it is important to be able to identify what substances might contain specific macromolecules. In this experiment, three tests were conducted on twelve sample solutions of different substances. The macromolecules being tested for were polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch, reducing sugars, and finally proteins. These three types of macromolecules were tested using the Iodine Test, Benedict’s Test, and Biuret Test respectively. The overall purpose of this experiment was to develop an understanding of why certain macromolecules might react with certain substances given their unique properties, as well as to identify an unknown substance based on the results of these tests.

These nutrient classes can be categorized as either macronutrients (needed in relatively large amounts) or micronutrients (needed in smaller quantities). The macronutrients are carbohydrates, fats, fiber, proteins, and water. The micronutrients are minerals and vitamins.

Carbohydrates are large organic molecules that occur in foods and are used by living things as their main source of energy or structural material (Source A). There are three types of Carbohydrates monosaccharide, disaccharide and polysaccharide . Glucose is a monosaccharide and as said it is a source of energy for your metabolic activities. In other words it is your metabolism and there are two major parts that play along called catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism being the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones releasing energy while anabolism is the building up of molecules by using energy. Also when consuming food another thing to be mind full is how much protein you are eating. Protein is important because it makes up the cell membranes, muscle, hair, hormones and these are just a couple things. Amino acids are the building up of protein. Lipids are nonpolar ( don’t dissolve in water) organic molecules. (source A) Steroids is a group in lipids and is made from

There are four types of biomolecules, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are large chains of sugar found in food and living tissues. This includes sugars, starch, and cellulose. They have the same ratio of hydrogen and oxygen that water has, 2:1. They are broken down to release energy in the animal body. Lipids are any organic compounds that are fatty acids and don’t dissolve in water but do in organic solvents. Fatty acids can be found in natural oils, waxes, and steroids. Proteins are macromolecules that do everything in the cell. They are tools and machines that make things happen. Nucleic acids are long strands of nucleotides, and function primarily in storage and transmission of genetic information. There are two types of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA. DNA is the genetic material of all cellular organisms, and RNA sends out messages from the information that is held in the DNA.

Most organic compounds in living organisms are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids they are called macromolecules. Each of these macromolecules is made of smaller subunits. These subunits are linked by dehydration synthesis. Dehydration synthesis is an energy requiring process in which a molecule of water is removing and the two subunits are boded