Magellan Spacecraft : Mars Radar Mapper

The following is a case study of a lesson by Mr. Villanueva reviewing lessons on the planet Mars for an upcoming test. Mr. Villanueva uses many different ways of incorporating both semantic memory and episodic memory as well as the demonstration of long-term memory in his lesson. During the lesson, the importance of attention in memory and recall is seen throughout. This paper describes and inspects the Mars in Review case and what theories were incorporated into this lesson. It critically examines each aspect of this lesson and the correlation between behaviorist theories of learning.

In 1593, Galileo invented an early thermometer, which became one of the first instruments for measuring used in science. It was crude and worked by having a pocket of air that expanded or contracted based on the temperature which, in turn, moved a column of water up or down.IX Later in 1609, he made improvements on Hans Lippershey’s telescope, which landed him a lifetime appointment to the University of Venice.X Using this improved telescope, Galileo made new discoveries about the heavenly bodies of our solar system and galaxy. In 1610 he observed that Venus went through light and dark phases much like our moon, and concluded that this was because Venus also reflected the Sun’s light. Looking at the Sun itself, he discovered that it had dark spots and that these sunspots changed in position

Scaled radius of Venus: 6.05 x 103 Km * (1 cm/6.96 x 104 Km) = 0.09 cm

Venus + Mars: Compare and contrast the evolution of the atmospheres of Mars, Venus, and Earth.

Russian space probe Vega 1 landed on Venus. The module was of 1500 kg with 240 cm diametrical sphere, containing a surface Lander and a balloon explorer. The flyby probe performed a swig-by using Venus, and continued its mission to intercept the

The Mars One Company, is scamming its supporters millions of dollars into a fake mission! The Mars One project has remained for awhile as a legitimate company, but experts and scammed donors have found majour flaws in the Mars One Mission. Many of the experts have found several errors and discrepancies when they more closely examined the Company. This in turn has led many to conclude that Mars One is not a legitimate space agency, and people should not be investing time, resources, and money into this untrustworthy company.

There are some characteristics that Venus does have on the ground. “More than a thousand volcanoes or volcanic centers larger than 12 miles (20 kilometers) in diameter dot the surface of Venus. Volcanic flows have produced long, sinuous channels extending for hundreds of kilometers.” (Science.NationalGeographic.com para. 8 n.d). The landmass on Venus is potholed by small craters by meteor or comet strikes. “Most of Venus is covered with smooth volcanic plains, with two large "continents" standing out. Ishtar Terra lies to the north, covering an area approximately the size of Australia, while the Africa-sized Aphrodite Terra lies just south of the equator.” (Reed para. 4 2012). Unfortunately not much is known about the surface features, however, we know there are wind swept dunes and volcanoes. The land masses on Venus unlike Earth does not sit on hard rock or water like the continents do on the Earth and Mars; Venus however, is far too hot for water and heavy metals would melt due to the heat. The continents on Venus float on liquid magma. Some scientists theorize that 500 million years ago an incident happened that stopped any kind of plate

Galileo started off the mission by launching off on October 18th, 1989 at Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The spacecraft entered Jupiter’s orbit on December 8, 1995. Its mission ended and it decayed into the atmosphere on September 21, 2003. Galileo also discovered various meaningful results such as certain measurements in the atmosphere. For example, the density and temperature of the upper atmosphere is greatly higher than expected. On the other hand, the lower atmosphere’s temperature is closer to what was expected. Additionally, it was analyzed that the deep atmosphere was dryer than expected. Furthermore, it was discovered that the scientific instruments on the spacecraft worked successfully. While on the mission, Galileo detected a radiation belt between Jupiter’s ring and upper atmospheric layers. It is believed that Jupiter’s radiation belt is 10 times stronger than Van Allen, which is the radiation belt near Earth. Galileo also studied the winds on Jupiter. It found out that the winds are strong alternating east-west jetstreams, which is dissimilar to Earth’s wind system. The winds on Jupiter below the clouds are 540km/hr (330mph). On Galileo’s mission, there were many important firsts. Galileo had a close flyby of an asteroid, Gaspra. Galileo also discovered a satellite of an asteroid. The satellite was named Dactyl and the asteroid was Ida. Galileo was also the first atmospheric probe to enter Jupiter's atmosphere. The spacecraft was also the first to enter Jupiter’s orbit and go around it. Galileo also directly observed a comet impacting a planet. The comet was Shoemaker-Levy 9. But by far, the most important discovery was discovering liquid ocean water under Europa’s (one of Jupiter’s moons)

Physical characteristics of the Mars is half the diameter of the Earth, less dense than Earth. Mars' rotational period is similar to the Earth rotation. Another interesting facts about Mars is that, it has two Moons which are Deimos and Phobos. Deimos and Phobos are small and irregular shape. Also, Mars have largest volcano and second highest known mountain and largest canyon in the Solar System. Largest volcano and highest mountain is Olympus Mons, it has a height of 25 km and it is three times as tall as Mount Everest. Largest canyon is Valles Marineris is more than 4000 km long , 200 km wide, and up to 7 km deep. It is located along the equator of the Mars. Second interesting facts about the Mars except the similarities to the Earth, is the findings on the

In conclusion, Venus is a very, very hot planet and is called the “Morning Star” and “Evening Star” because the planet is very bright from the lava. If you're interested in any further more information about the rovers check out

These maps were made by sailing along the coast and looking through a telescope other tools were used including magnetic compasses and sextants to accurately measure position and create accurate maps. Compasses helped position sextants were used to determine angular distance between objects and elevation. Drawings were made

The Venus of Willendorf, also known as the Woman of Willendorf, stands 11 cm. high and is thought to have been carved from 22,000 to 21,000 B.C. It was discovered in 1908 by Josef

A new NASA image from Mars shows an alien appearance, and it may be proof of a UFO landing. The rush to explore Mars by several countries has raised a lot of questions concerning alien life. NASA has not openly admitted aliens exist on the Red Planet, but they keep releasing photos of pretty convincing evidence that they do. This latest photo is definitely shocking, and for the first time, it shows the difference between a UFO landing and a crater.

Mariner 3 and 4 were part of the Mariner missions aiming to study the inner solar system and were the first spacecrafts aimed towards Mars (“Mariner 3 and 4”). The exploration of the inner solar system was a major scientific achievement. Launched in November 1964, these two satellites observed the planet during a flyby, in which a spacecraft flies past an object at a close distance and gathers scientific data, and collected close-up photos (“Mariner 3 and 4”; "Flyby | Definition of Flyby"). A flyby occurs when Both probes were constructed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and weighed less than a ton each, costing a total of $80 million (“Mariner 3 and 4”; Impey and Henry). However, only one craft successfully reached Mars. During launch, Mariner 3’s shroud did not open properly, preventing the spacecraft from deploying its solar panels and attaining energy to charge its instruments ("Mariner 3 Failure Laid to Shroud"). Nine hours later, the spacecraft lost communication with Earth, and ground control terminated the mission (“Mariner 3 and 4”). Mariner 4, though, succeeded in its mission, accumulating twenty-one monochrome photos during its closest approach at ten thousand kilometers (Impey and Henry). These were the first photos of Mars captured in space. The photos depicted a barren planet that lacked a magnetic field to block cosmic rays, which causes brain

Cassini-Huygens also succeeded to accomplish the goal like other missions. It launched in October, 15 1997. The goal was to explore Saturn’s region. It orbited and studied Saturn’s rings and moons and then landed on the largest moon, Titan. On the way to Saturn it flew by Jupiter and sent back pictures of Jupiter. This mission had a spinoff, a solid-state power switch. This eliminates transparent current surges and extends parts’ use. This mission helped us learn about not only one but two planets.