Magnetic Resonance Elastography

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a way of medically imaging the body with the use of a magnetic field and radiofrequency waves. (1) As image quality of MRI continues to improve, more MRI exams are being ordered. Increasing MRI exams leads to increased wait times. Due to current wait lists, the health status of patients may decrease, influencing the type of treatment the patient will require once removed from the wait list. (7) The advances in technology have increased in the past decade, with MRI procedures are vastly growing to provide superior diagnostic quality compared to other modalities. New technologies are also allowing for faster scan times and further increased image quality. (9)

The skin is the body's greatest organ, and it serves as a guarding deterrent. Its wellbeing and surface appearance are controlled by common components and furthermore the limit of the parts that incorporate the layers underneath

fMRI scans were performed by using a complex machine with massive specifications, named 4-T whole-body Varian/ Siemens imaging system. Before they start their imaging, the patient’s heart rate was monitored with a fiber-optic pulse oximeter and placed on their head was a radio frequency coil to capture a map of their brain. Each patient is then instructed to lie calmly, breathe through their nose, and allow themselves to focus on the script that the instructors were about to read. Each script would usually last them about 30 seconds. After the script is read, they are encouraged to recall a memory for about 60 seconds and once they start, so does their measurements of their heartbeats. The script is then repeated again after 120 seconds. This method is repeated 3 times.

The project, known as the AM-PET Helmet (www.pethemet.org), will sit on the patients head, and can acquire a clear image of a patient’s brain even

In contrast to in clinical settings, in research settings it is possible to easily assess the absolute contraction speed and velocity of the stretch reflex using

Materials and Methods: A brain phantom was cast using silicone dielectric gel (SYLGARD 527) with an elastic modulus (<10 kpa) that closely matches the human brain [5].

Since medical school, I have been fascinated by musculoskeletal system, body's movements and how our muscles function according to our cerebral control.

There is a lack of consensus about whether the initial imaging method for patients with suspected nephrolithiasis should be computed tomography (CT) or ultrasonography.1

In today’s world, our technology use and advancement is increasing rapidly. Staying up to date on all the latest improvements is essential especially when working in the medical field. Ultrasound has improved greatly over the years and is an important part of many diagnostic findings. One of the newer advancements added to ultrasound to help with findings is elastography.

Delusions and hallucinations appear in middle to later phases of AD, studies conducted in delusion and hallucination are fewer than that in apathy, as the prevalence of these behaviors are unequal. In this section of review we summarized the studies of delusion and hallucination in AD by means of structural MRI, studies subjects, assessment used for delusion and hallucination and the main finding. This will helps in understanding the AD patients brain changes and their association to delusion and hallucination scales and severity.

Abstract Objective: This study aims to evaluate the clinical value of ultrasound elastography (USE) in providing pathologicaldiagnosis of the thyroid nodules. This was performed using the elastography score and strain ratio in differentiating thyroid benign and malignant nodules and the histopathological examination was used as the diagnostic standard of reference.

Magnetic resonance imaging has the potential of totally replacing computed tomography. If history was rewritten, and CT invented after MRI, nobody would bother to pursue CT. --Philip Drew (Mattson and Simon, 1996)

Choice “E” is the best answer. Ultrasonography is the most widely used imaging technique to help diagnose ADPKD. It can detect cysts from 1-1.5 cm. This study avoids the use of radiation or contrast material, is widely available, and is inexpensive. The sensitivity of ultrasonography for ADPKD1 is 99% for at-risk patients older than 20 years; however, false-negative results are more common in younger patients. Sensitivity for ADPKD2 is lower and is still not well defined. Ultrasonography is also useful for exploring abdominal extrarenal features of ADPKD (e.g., liver cysts, pancreatic cysts). The presence of hepatic or pancreatic cysts supports the diagnosis of ADPKD[1].

Fibroscan is one of the most common, accurate and validated alternative method. It is an ultrasound-based imaging technology, which measures liver stiffness. The degree of liver stiffness directly correlates with the degree of fibrosis (Sandrin et al., 2003).It also allows follow up the progression of fibrosis (Foucher et al., 2006).

Shear wave elastography{SWE} is a novel technique for obtaining elastograms of soft tissue by tracking the transverse shear waves that spread laterally away from amechanical disturbance of the tissue. They have special properties that differ from both the longitudinal waves of conventional ultrasound imaging (which relies on the bulk modulus of elasticity) and from conventional compression elastography. They travel at few metres per second, depending on the visco-elastic properties of the tissue, and are rapidly attenuated, so that for practically achievable disturbances they have dissipated after travelling for afew centimeters(101).