Magnetoencephalography Research Paper

Expert’s reason that unevenness in the complicated interconnected chemical responses of the brain connecting the neurotransmitters dopamine and glutamate, and maybe others, performs a part in schizophrenia. Neurotransmitters are elements that permit brain cells to interconnect with each other. Experts are acquiring more about brain chemistry and its connection to schizophrenia. Similarly, in small methods the brains of people with schizophrenia appear diverse than those of healthful people. For instance, fluid-filled holes at the middle of the brain, called ventricles, are greater in certain people with schizophrenia. The brains of people with the disorder similarly manage to have less grey matter, and certain

Schizophrenia is a brain disease. Many studies have been conducted regarding the brain localization of schizophrenia. One study established that schizophrenia is characterized by significant loss in the grey matter of the brain. The loss was detected to be up to 25% in some areas and the damage was seen to begin at the parietal (outer) regions of the brain then spreading to the rest of the regions of the brain over a period of about five years ADDIN EN.CITE Rajagopalan1998923(Rajagopalan, MacBeth, & Varma, 1998)92392317Rajagopalan, MMacBeth, RVarma, SLXXY chromosome anomaly and schizophreniaAmerican Journal Medical GeneticsAmerican Journal Medical Genetics64-65811998( HYPERLINK l "_ENREF_9" o "Rajagopalan, 1998 #923" Rajagopalan, MacBeth, & Varma, 1998). Another study showed that patients who had the worst loss of brain tissue also exhibited the worst symptoms of schizophrenia such as hallucinations, psychotic and bizarre thoughts, hearing voices, depression and delusion ADDIN EN.CITE Conklin2002797(Conklin & Iacono, 2002)79779717Conklin, Heather M.Iacono, William G.Schizophrenia: A Neurodevelopmental PerspectiveCurrent Directions in Psychological ScienceCurrent Directions in Psychological Science33-371112002Sage Publications, Inc. on behalf of Association for Psychological Science09637214http://www.jstor.org/stable/20182759( HYPERLINK l "_ENREF_2" o "Conklin, 2002 #797" Conklin & Iacono, 2002).

Schizophrenia is a psychological disease with an unknown treatment. Its onset starts in early adult hood on average. There are many studies showing links to genetics and environmental causes. In this paper I will discuss many of the signs and symptoms of schizophrenia along with how it is diagnosed, imaged with MRI, and the difficulty in treating this disease. More treatments for schizophrenia may be revealed with the further advancement of imaging technology. Schizophrenia is a disease that affects the most complex structure in the human body, the human brain. The more research that is continued on the smaller segments of the different areas of the brain with imaging modalities the closer we get to

Patients with schizophrenia resulted to having antibodies in their systems while the other group did not. (Grison, Heatherton, and Gazzaniga, 2015, p. 521). Other researchers have presented arguments of their being abnormalities in the neural transmitters. (Grison, Heatherton, and Gazzaniga, 2015, p. 521). Dopamine is one neural transmitter researchers have taken a major interest in because medication given to schizophrenics blocking the dopamine transmitters seem to help calm the severity of the symptoms of a wide number of patients. Although doctors are not yet certain of the cause of schizophrenia they are certain of the fact that people with schizophrenia have less brain tissue due to having large ventricles.

“New test and machines also enabled researchers to study the structure of schizophrenic brains.” There were studies done to compare those of a normal brains and ones affected by Schizophrenia, it showed several structural differences. “The most common finding was the enlargement of the lateral ventricles, which are

The diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia are relatively broad, with no one essential symptom, there is a great deal of variability among patients in their symptom profiles. It has therefore been proposed that schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disorder with multiple causes. It is also the case, however, that patients must show a marked and persistent impairment to meet the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia. Thus,

Contrary to popular belief, Schizophrenia is not a mental health disorder but a psychotic based disorder, in which those affected often experience psychosis. Those experiencing psychosis are known to lose touch with reality; this loss often results in delusions and/or hallucinations. This leads one to ask: what are the social stigmas, plausible causes and brain activity differences related to schizophrenia?

According to Essentials of Abnormal Psychology, schizophrenia is a devastating psychotic disorder that may involve characteristic disturbances in thinking, perception, speech, emotions, and behavior. It can also have an impact on movement.(Durnad, Barlow, 2014)

There are primary neurological brain abnormalities in individuals with schizophrenia. According to Fusar-Poli (2009), schizophrenia is delineated by prefrontal activity and elevated striatal dopaminergic functions. These elevations in striatal dopamine activity and prefrontal cortical dysfunctions (Fusar-Poli, 2009). Along with other abnormalities in white matter as well as, having been observed in the right superior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, adjacent to the right caudate head, right thalamus, left insula, left lentiform nucleus, left fusiform gyrus, and bilateral claustrum (Antonius, 2011). The study of these findings may assist us to understand their role in the severity of the schizophrenia disorder symptoms (Antonius, 2011).

Let us discuss and dive into the study of a disease called schizophrenia. We will be taking a look at its symptoms, its causes, the areas of the brain it affects, its neural basis, and the appropriate drug therapies for the disease. Having an informed understanding of the disease and what it entails is crucial to making sure patients that suffer from schizophrenia receive the proper treatment and care from their psychiatrists. Afterwards, we will also be looking at a couple of case studies involving anxiety and drug abuse. As for now, our focus will be on the terrible disease of schizophrenia.

Many regions of the brain and other systems operate abnormally in schizophrenic individuals. The frontal lobe

Schizophrenia is a severe brain disorder in which it is hard to distinguish the difference between what is real and what is not. Schizophrenia has been found throughout recorded history but was not considered a worthy medical condition until the eighteenth century. It is also considered today a leading public health problem that has enormous personal and economic costs worldwide. Schizophrenia involves a disturbance of thought, perception, emotion, movement, and behavior. The symptoms vary across different patients as well as across time but it’s consistently considered severe and requires lifelong treatment. Schizophrenia is categorized into five different subcategories. The causes of schizophrenia is disputed among experts and there are many different theories regarding the etiology of schizophrenia.

When does the system go awry in schizophrenia? Unlike Parkinsonism or Huntington’s, both chronic and progressive diseases, increasing evidence points to a defective neurodevelopmental process. Brain imaging techniques have exposed a variety of structural abnormalities in persons suffering from schizophrenia, and Weinberger’s monozygotic twin studies suggest that the structural differences seen in the affected twin were likely the result of developmental defects and not genetics (Kandel). Brains of schizophrenics have shown enlarged lateral ventricles (Nasralleh, 1993) that are associated with prominent prodromal symptoms (Wright, Gill, and Murray, 1993; Randel). They also have exhibited enlarged third ventricles (Nasralleh, 1993; Wright, Gill, and Murray, 1993; Kandel), present at the onset of illness and associated with both obstetric complications (see below) and prodromal symptoms (Nasralleh, 1993). Also demonstrated were hypoplasia of medial/limbic temporal structures, especially the hippocampus, and again present at the onset

(2016, January 21) They believe that any changes to these structures would have a significant effect on the excitability of individual neurons. “Using computational analysis, the investigators were able to predict how alterations in these structures would change the behavior of neuronal cells.” (Elsevier. (2016, January 21) The results of this study “may provide important clues about basic physiological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia, which could be targeted with pharmaceutical interventions, and also lead to more targeted biomarkers for assessing therapeutic effects.” (Elsevier. (2016, January

Schizophrenia cannot be diagnosed through a simple blood test, by looking in someone’s ears, throat or with x-rays. There are some definite physiological differences noted in the brains of those with schizophrenia who