Major Problems of Agricultural Export in India

Clarke (2007) states the main reasons for subsidies is to ensure a stable income of farmers, to buffer them from the impact of external factors that could ruin their harvest, which is done in the form of a guaranteed minimum price, also known as price ceiling. Moreover, Clarke (2007) claims that food security plays also an important part, since this signifies the self-sufficiency of a nation in certain products, regardless of its comparative advantage in producing those food items. Generally, a comparative advantage is “the ability to produce goods or services at a lower opportunity cost than others”. (Investopedia, 2003) Disregarding the fact that other nations have lower opportunity costs in cultivating for example of grain, countries will cultivate some sort of grain themselves in order to have a lower dependency on imports of other nations. The last reason that Clarke observes is that subsidies are used to protect prices to the consumer. However, it can be said that the government protects the economy as a whole with subsidies. As a price lower than the actual market price faces a higher demand than vice versa. Furthermore, it enables heavily subsidized nations to enter and sell their goods to other countries. This influences the world market and has an impact on

The good quality of the vendor’s product can also help the customer to guarantee their finished product quality.

In “What’s in a Package?” article. Thomas Hine talks about the roles and effects of package. Hine explains how it is different from culture to another culture. Also, he mentioned the danger of focusing on packaging. There are differences between packaging in the past and packaging now. Employee who sell products to customers don’t impact like what packaging does. packages are around us in our daily lives. Packaging or the way of packaging not just can attract people to buy, it does many other things like protecting product from damage. there are some specialists who do testing for packaging and study what people want or need to make packaging in that way. Packages are different between cultures that they are present

For example, packaging materials such as glass, paper and board, plastics and metals help protect the food item from UV rays/ light during the transportation process. By allowing this, helps prevent the growth of micro- organisms within the product. As well as this, packaging helps prevent rancidity in fats. If rancidity is not prevented, unpleasant odours and flavours within the food item are present, resulting in the wastage of the good. Along within this, packaging helps prevent the cross contamination of goods, when being transported from one area to another. Therefore, the Agriculture and Fisheries sector benefit from packaging, as they are able to prevent the wastage of products being transported, as well as being able to uphold a high reputation of the business by marketing high-quality goods.

The useful information that can be obtained here are the tariffs and quotas for specific goods, the applications for export permits and certificates, the export applications needed for particular items, the export controlled products list, the notices to exporters, the export control systems, the relevant guides/handbooks, and the contact information for the Trades Controls Bureau.

The data found on the web was used to investigate the many factors that enable us to penetrate this market and establish trade with India. Economic and political stability for example, is critical to trade between the countries involved. Other factors such as the product fit with the market and the market size were also critical to this project. Through hard statistics and facts, we were able to obtain enough information about the countries to make our import plan seem feasible.

In addition to facilitating the system of landholding and labor use for the production of exports, governments used tax exemptions, subsidies for new plantings, and waivers for duties on imported inputs to further development of the export sector. The state also used its borrowing power to obtain funds abroad for the infrastructure that supported this sector.

India is a country of geographic diversities with varied soil-types, habitats, climates and vegetations. India is a major producer of food (fruits, vegetables, wheat, pulse, milk, spices etc.) in the world after China. This industry is the front end of the agriculture sector, which is a significant economic component, employing nearly 60% of the country’s population and contributing to around 25% of India’s gross domestic product. With access to a large natural resource base of 161 million hectares of arable land, 15 million hectares of fresh water reservoirs, the largest livestock population in the globe and diverse agro-climatic conditions, India is a favourable destination for growth in the food industry. The Indian food industry is expected

For many countries, subsidies and the lobbying power behind them can have great effects on governmental policies and direction. By far, though, the agricultural subsidies advocates in the United States and, to a slightly lesser extent, the European Union have profound sway in government policies. Being dubbed the “breadbasket of the world” gives farmers and their lobbyists in the US immense power to ensure that the government subsidies continue to favor agriculture producers. By and large, this practice has tipped the scales in both the US and the EU when it comes to ensuring that subsidies remain non-distortionary towards world markets. With policies in place that position national farmer interests ahead of global interests, higher production is encouraged, world prices are driven lower, and the incentive for developing countries to invest in agriculture is limited. While the US employs essentially the most distortionary practices, the EU does attempt to limit these distortionary effects. Still, both country’s policies display long-term negative side effects on an international scale.

Ensure all packaging designs and other product changes are properly delivered in accordance with our quality standards

In 2002, a dispute over agricultural trade liberalization between the United States and Brazil arose. Brazil filed a lawsuit against the United Stated in the World Trade Organization Dispute (WTO) Settlement System arguing that the subsidies the United States provided to US farmers violated WTO trade agreements and gave US farmers unfair advantages (Unit 7, lesson 5). Fortunately for Brazil, the World Trade Organization agreed with their claim and authorized them to take “punitive measures against the United States” (Cengage unit 7, 3).  As a result of that authorization, Brazil decided “to impose tariffs and lift patent protections on US goods” (Cengage unit 7, 3). In order to limit the damage that could have been created by Brazil’s actions, the United States had to make a smart move. As a matter of fact, they decided to provide cottons to Brazilians rather than removing the subsidies. Over 150 Million in subsidies have been provided to the Brazilians, in 2010 so that Brazil do not impose punitive measures (Cengage unit 7, 3). There exists both, pros and cons for subsidizing U.S. farmers. In fact, US farmer strongly support subsidies claiming that it gives the US an important industry and helps the regulations. However, subsidizing US farmers has some consequences. The cons argue that “subsidies provided to US agricultural producers create inefficiency in the global economy” (unit 7). Also, according to economists, subsidizing stands in the way of the economy growth

Changes witnessed over the last few years on mode of packaging and its economic impact.

The vision and mission behind the initiative must be known. Future trade planning and initiatives will determine the policy selection. It needs to be decided as soon as possible to have enough time ahead for policy choice. For example, goals may be re-imagined based on of information interchange among nearby regional clusters and government bodies, or on the premise of information gathered throughout the evaluation of activities.

Packages Limited, a joint venture between Rausing of Sweden, Ali group of Pakistan and Akerland, provides exceptional quality packaging to individuals and businesses in the most profitable, sustainable and efficient way. They offer a vast range of packaging solutions including flexible packaging materials and offset

India has been facing a paradoxical situation of decaying harvest in one side and starving poor on the other. Lack of adequate cold-chain infrastructure and a supportive food processing industry leads to wastage of about 30 percent of all food produced; cause India to experience some of the highest food losses in the world. Reduction of post-harvest losses become the component of food security, the current scenario in Indian agriculture poses a threat to the successful implementation of the National Food Security Act (NFSA) in India. This paper aims to examine the issue of post-harvest losses in Indian agriculture in the context of NFSA enacted in India in 2013. The foremost