Major Types Of Major Depressive Disorder ( Mdd ) Essay

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks (National Institutes of Health, Bipolar Disorder). Bipolar disorder symptoms can result in damaged relationships, poor job or school performance, and even suicide (National Institutes of Health, Bipolar Disorder). Doctors diagnose bipolar disorder using guidelines from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM); to be diagnosed with bipolar disorder, the symptoms must be a major change from your normal mood or behavior (National Institutes of Health, Bipolar Disorder in Adults). There are four basic types of bipolar disorder: Bipolar I Disorder, Bipolar II Disorder, Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (BP-NOS), and Cyclothymic Disorder, or Cyclothymia.

Bipolar disorder has varied symptoms: The most pronounced symptoms of bipolar disorder are dramatic mood swings consisting of extremely “high” manic episodes to debilitating episodes of depression and then back again with relatively normal moods in between. Behaviors during a manic episode include heightened feelings of euphoria, extreme energy, decreased need for sleep, extreme irritability and distractibility, and increased aggression. Depressive episodes bring about excessive feelings of despair, hopelessness, worthlessness, guilt, and sometimes thoughts of

Bipolar Disorder or manic-depressive disorder is a disorder characterized by highs, manias, and lows, depressions, and can therefore be easily distinguished from unipolar depression, a major depressive disorder in DSM-5, by the presence of manic or hypomanic episodes (Miklowitz & Gitlin, 2014). Bipolar disorder is generally an episodic, lifelong illness with a variable course (American Psychiatric Association, 2010). There are two classifications of bipolar disorder; bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder. If the episodes are primarily manic but there has been at least one depressive episode, the diagnosis is bipolar I disorder (Early, 2009). If the episodes are primarily depressed but there has been at least one episode of hypomania, increased mood that is more euphoric than normal but not quite manic, the diagnosis is bipolar II disorder (Early, 2009).

The DSM-5 classifications of bipolar and related disorders include four categories. Bipolar Disorder I is characterized by predominately manic episodes. Bipolar II is predominately depressive. Cyclothymic Disorder consists of frequent periods of both hypomania and depression, yet do not meet the criteria for either a type I or II BD diagnosis. Lastly, Unspecified Bipolar and related disorders are defined by bipolar symptoms that do not match the three categories above. Diagnosis of a manic episode includes three or more of the following symptoms that lasts one week or more: inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, pressured talk, flight of ideas, distractibility, increase of goal directed activities, and excessive involvement in activities the produce negative consequences. Depressive episodes include fatigue, hypersomnia or insomnia, low self-esteem, poor concentration, increased or decreased appetite, psychomotor agitation or

​Bipolar Disorder, also known as a manic depressive illness, is classified as a brain disorder; that causes unusual shifts in the mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry-out day to day tasks. The majority of bipolar individuals experience alternating episodes of mania such as an elevated or euphoric mood or irritable state (US Department of Health 1) (Thackey 127). Bipolar Disorder falls under the category of a mood disorder, 3% of the general population suffers from bipolar disorder. A mood disorder interferes in everyday life with a person for an extended time. The moods that the diagnosis experience do not go away on their own and cannot be shaken off. The illness affects more than just mood, however it also impacts

Major Depressive Disorder or MDD is a very common clinical condition that affects millions of people every year. According to the Agency for Health Care Policy & Research, “ depression is under diagnosed & untreated by most medical doctors, despite the fact that it can almost always be treated successfully.

There are four basic types of bipolar disorder; all of them involve clear changes in mood, energy, and activity levels. These moods range from periods of extremely “up,” elated, and energized behavior (known as manic episodes) to very sad, “down,” or hopeless periods (known as depressive episodes). Less severe manic periods are known as hypomanic episodes.

The term major depressive disorder was created by a group of US clinicians in the mid-1970s as part of proposals for diagnostic criteria based on patterns of symptoms (Spitzer et al, 1975). MDD made its first appearance in the third edition in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM III) (Phillip, Maier & Demo, 1991). MDD is a mental disorder characterized by an impairment of functioning in one or more areas of life due to a depressed mood and loss of interest in activities combined with other symptoms for a minimum of two weeks (APA, 2013, 161).

Typically, a person experiences a spectrum of emotions both negative and positive, but they stay within a normal range. Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder that describes when a person has “extreme mood swings… which typically shift between the heights of elation to the depths of depression.” (Nevid, Rathus, and Greene, 2013) Generally, a person suffering from Bipolar disorder will experience spurts of elation, or happiness, this is usually called the “manic period.” On the other hand, the person will also incur periods of depression, sometimes as severe as committing suicide. Bipolar disorder is categorized in two groups: Bipolar I and Bipolar II. The difference is whether or not the person manic episodes. For Bipolar II, a person must have a hypomanic episode which is a manic episode that is less intense and lasts for a shorter period of time. The bipolar spectrum consists of four main forms: bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, cyclothymic disorder, and bipolar disorder that cannot be classified. Bipolar I disorder requires a person to have at least one manic episode lasting seven days or more as well as depressive episodes that outnumber the manic episodes three to one. Bipolar II disorder is often misdiagnosed as unipolar depression because the person experiences hypomanic episodes that are less severe and shorter than regular manic episodes. The depressive episodes outnumber the hypomanic forty to one. Cyclothymic disorder

Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic-depression, is a mental disorder. This disorder causes the individual to experience severe mood swings, from elation to depression. Individuals with bipolar disorder can experience serious changes in thinking, energy and behaviour. The different states of those with bipolar experience are referred to as ‘episodes’. These episodes can last days, weeks or months, depending on the severity of the episode. There are three main types of episodes, they are mania, depressive and psychotic states. Mania describes the state in which the individual experiences extreme happiness and euphoria, a ‘high’ of sorts. People who are having a manic episode display symptoms such as; feeling full of energy, not eating

Bipolar I disorder, or formally known as manic-depression disorder, is a mental disorder in which a person experiences frequent mood swings that can drastically change the direction of one’s life. Individuals with bipolar disorders experience unusual, dramatic mood swings, and activity levels that go from periods of feeling intensely happy, irritable, and impulsive to periods of intense sadness and feelings of hopelessness, thus affecting behavior in some ways. According to nimh.nih.gov (2012), bipolar I disorder can result in damaged relationships, poor job or school performances, and even suicide. The disorder impacts the mental, physical, emotional, and cognitive aspects of one’s life.

Bipolar disorder is an emotional instability checked by great movements in disposition going from a hyper to a depressive state. Bipolar disorder is additionally called bipolar disease or manic depression. Bipolar disorder oppresses 3 to 5% of the populace with inconvenient impact on life possibilities. People with Bipolar Disorder will face life span danger for mood shifts, including fatal consequences. “It is sixth most common cause of disability in the United States (Altman et al., 2006).” As demonstrated by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition the two most basic sorts of Bipolar Disorder are bipolar I disorder (BDI) and bipolar II disorder. There are a wide range of symptoms and a few distinct sorts

The Bipolar disorder, as well known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that origins uncommon shifts in mood, energy, activity levels and the ability to carry out everyday responsibilities or tasks (Young, Zarate, & Amara, 2015). There are four basic forms of bipolar disorder. Each type of bipolar disorder all have an impact on changes in mood, energy and activity levels. These moods can change from being well alert with an energized behavior to very sad feeling down and to a hopeless feeling. If the person has some less severe manic periods it is called hypomanic episodes. The Bipolar disorder is categorized in two categories Bipolar I and Bipolar II Disorder (2013).