Making Sence of Homonegativity

*Publication manual of the American psychological association (6th ed.) (2009). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Please see note below regarding this edition of the APA manual.

The subject of this report is Sarah Hix, a junior in 2nd period AP Psychology. Based on these naturalistic observations, some conclusions were met.

Party being interviewed in this article is Angela Lee Duckwork Ph.D. Dr, Duckwork is an Associate Professor in Department of Psychology at the University of Pennsylvania

Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Christina McElroy, Department of Psychology, Introduction to Research, Liberty University, 1971 Liberty University Drive, Lynchburg, VA 24515. E-mail: cmcelroy1@liberty.edu

Internalized heterosexism — also referred to as internalized homophobia — is the internalization of negative attitudes and suppositions concerning same-sex sexuality and LGBQ individuals. It is worth noting that the term homophobia has been criticized as it does not necessarily constitute and irrational fear, and it denotes an individual pathology rather than a systemic issue (Herek, 2004) Sexual prejudice has been suggested as a more suitable framing of hostility towards LGBTQ peoples, as it roots the issue in systems and culture, and links it to research on prejudice (Herek, 2004). The sociocultural environment of the individual promotes internalized heterosexism, and, self-esteem was not found to be a significant predictor of Internalized heterosexism (Szymanski & Gupta, 2009). Higher rates of psychological distress found among LGBQ populations, than heterosexuals, may be related to exposure to heterosexist attitudes and behaviors (Meyer, 2003); as well as, heterosexist attitudes they have internalized (Herek, 2004; Sophie,

Correspondence regarding this paper should be addressed to Samantha Callahan, Danielle Patrick, Sara Roderick, and Kahla Stygar, Department of Psychology, Lindenwood University, 209 South Kingshighway, St. Charles, Mo, 63301

Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Lauren Lago, Department of Psychology, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 N. University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034. Email:llago@uco.edu

PSYCHOLOGY Custom Edition for Bergen Community College: (pages 150-151, chapter 4, altered states 4.7 & 4.8)

Conversely, levels of ambivalence were lower amongst strong liberals, democrats, and non-evangelical Christians who identified as having a relationship of some kind with a gay person (Garner,

Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Langeda Bontemps, Department of Psychology, Longwood University, Farmville, VA 23909. Email: langeda.bontemps@live.longwood.edu

Brace, N. and Byford, J. (2012) Investigating Psychology, Oxford, Oxford University Press/Milton Keynes, The Open University

Americans receive many messages about support for gay rights ranging from clergy to gay men; however, some are “ambivalent,” or undecided on the issue because of the numerous messages that they are given (Garner 2013: 243). Andrew Garner wanted to test if contact with gays and lesbians would elevate or decline levels of ambivalence among American’s opinions about gay rights (241). While this research question could be discovered in the abstract, the author never states the research question clearly. Garner does provide immense detail about previous studies; however, he lacks clear justification for the study, and the support he provided had to be collectively assumed rather than explained. Assumingly, he argues that by understanding how gay

Heteronormativity is known as the belief that “heterosexuality is the only normal and natural expression of sexuality (Merriam-Webster).” While homosexuality is becoming more accepted in today’s society, heteronormativity is still a prominent issue in the media and life at home. There are various opinions on heteronormativity, some believing that it is not an issue and others believing it is alienating gay individuals. Although it does not affect the majority of households and individuals in the U.S, a solution to heteronormativity would benefit LGBTQ individuals who feel isolated from the rest of society.

This assignment is being submitted on June 13, 2016, for Professor Kehiante McKinley’s G148/PSY1012 Section 02 General Psychology course.

There are many situations in today’s society where individuals will face the gender role and sex dispute. Homosexuals are frequently associated within this dispute. A male homosexual often possesses feminine qualities and maybe seen as less masculine than a heterosexual male. Some female homosexuals are seen as more masculine and less relational compared to other heterosexual females. Homosexuality has become a very controversial topic in today’s society. The acceptance of homosexuality has grown since previous decades. What are some of the reasons for the growing acceptance of this lifestyle? Results from previous research done by Vincent, Parrot, and Peterson (2011) provided evidence that aggression towards gay men is motivated by gender role enforcement. Participants in this study completed several assessments before viewing a video of intimate behaviors between 2 gay men. Results concluded that the participants did not think the couples were not in compliance with the anti-femininity norm; causing sexual prejudice and aggression. The results confirm that when analyzing the acceptance of homosexuals there are multiple factors that must be analyzed.