Malari Stopping A Global Killer

According to the book, the doctor and his crew of medical professionals learned information about malaria at a lake called Zancudo Cocha, which means “Lake of the Malaria Mosquito”. The word “Malaria” actually can be traced back to Italian roots named mal aria, or bad air. It is caused by the anopheles mosquito, which often had a needle that is infested by parasites. When the anopheles mosquito hits a blood vessel and began extracting blood from the target, the parasites traveled through the bloodstream, which is a part of the cardiovascular system, and found a home at the liver. They would then multiplied and return to the bloodstream to destroy red blood cells, causing fever and chills. Even though there is no effective protection against bug bites, the most effective treatment for most forms of malaria would a synthetic pill called chloroquine.

Increase the awareness about the ACT anti-malarial treatment and how this treatment method stands up against holistic treatment

For many centuries, infectious diseases were the major cause of death worldwide. The last century saw a major global shift in the disease pattern. With the advancements in treatment and preventive modalities and improvement in living conditions, the infectious diseases were brought under control in the developed world, while the non-communicable chronic disorders started to emerge as the new threat. Towards the end of the previous century, the chronic diseases also started being more prevalent in the developing world. This became an additional burden over the already prevailing infectious diseases (1). Now, the threat of chronic diseases is widely acknowledged and major actions are directed towards tackling the global burden of non-communicable

For the last year and a half, I have had the privilege of studying Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), an apicomplexan parasite. This parasite infects an estimated 30-50% of adults worldwide, most of whom are unaware of their infection. Because it is a close cousin of Plasmodium falciparum, the cause of human malaria, it is also considered a model organism for malaria, a disease that claims the lives of over a million people a year. Thanks to this close relationship, a drug-like compound that has efficacy against one organism will likely have efficacy against the other as well. This research experience lead me to develop a great interest in biomedical research, prompting me to continue on in the same laboratory for my Master’s degree, which I

Annually, 200 million malaria cases are contracted and of these, 90% occur in Sub-Saharan Africa. Approximately one million people die annually, making plasmodium falciparum the most deadly parasitic disease. Contraction of plasmodium falciparum begins when a female Anopheles mosquito injects sporozoites, an early form of plasmodium falciparum, into the host. This sporozite is then transported to the human liver where it undergoes asexual reproduction producing merozoites. The merozoites invade other liver cells and enter the host’s bloodstream, where they invade erythrocyte. After the infection of the erythrocyte, the merozoite is transformed into a trophozoite, which then begins asexual reproduction near the nucleus to form a schizont in the erythrocytic cell. The schizont then asexually reproduces to produce mononucleated merozoites. When the erythrocytic cell ruptures due to the 3,000-4,000 merozoites produced, symptoms of fever and chills are induced within the host. This life cycle is extremely damaging to children; persons under the age of 5 account for 86% of malaria fatalities. Malaria has other characteristic effects, such as yellowing of the skin/eyes (jaundice), sweating, vomiting, weakness, and nausea. Current mortality rates in Africa are 9.33% per 1000 children, which represent 28.2% of all fatalities for those under five. The story changes dramatically as the host

Malaria or other similar diseases like malaria has been recognized and encountered by humans for more than 4,000 years. Malaria is caused by the genus Plasmodium parasites, which enter the human body and are transmitted to people through the bite of a mosquito infected with the parasite (Q&A, Malaria). Once the parasite enters the human body, the parasites multiply in the liver and then infect red blood cells. The malaria parasite was first discovered on November 6, 1880, by a French army surgeon named Charles Louis Al phonse Laveran. While stationed in

The medicine field encountered many scientific discoveries and there were many improvements during World War Two than there had ever been before. Among the many improvements was Malaria treatment. Malaria is a parasitic disease spread by mosquitoes and it causes one to three million deaths annually. Malaria was first identified in 1880 and the transmission of mosquitoes was identified in 1898 (Carlisle). Many organizations aided in the preventing Malaria to spread. The CDC (centers for disease control and prevention) was successful and helped prevent Malaria from occurring during the World War Two time period. By the end of World War Two, success was made in the malarial control program. Not only that, by 1951, Malaria was eradicated from

By altering the genes of mosquitoes the scientists want to get rid of this disease. By making the mosquito body chemistry toxic to the malaria parasite. There are other methods were scientist try to trap the parasite inside the mosquitoes gut into its salivary glands, molecules on the parasite surface fit certain receptors on mosquitoes tissue that allow free passage and scientist think they can block those receptors. By blocking these receptors the parasite dies inside the mosquito and the mosquito can no longer carry Malaria. Another approach would be when scientist insert a toxin to kill the parasite.

The yellow fever virus that was discovered in 3000 B.C.E has infected millions and killed many. It now has a vaccine, and prevention tips because it is significantly similar to the West Nile virus. These two viruses are spread by direct contact with an infected person’s bodily fluids and also mosquitos who carry the disease. They are more common in third world countries like “Africa and the region of South America” (CDC 4). This is a deadly disease that needs to be caught early and treated with extreme

Malaria is a non-contagious disease caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the Plasmodium genus. It is not spread from person to person in the manner that influenza or the common cold would be, and it is not sexually transmitted either. There are, according to the CDC, more than 100 species of Plasmodium parasites which can infect animals such as reptiles, birds and mammals. Four species have been recognised to infect humans in nature. In addition to this, there is one species that naturally infects macaques which has recently been recognised to be a cause of zoonotic malaria in humans. (CDC, 2012). These four species of Plasmodium parasites are Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale and

Around 300-600 million people suffer from malaria each year, and over one million people die from this disease every year, mostly children younger than five. This disease is endemic to over 100 countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, and the South Pacific, almost 40% of the world population. Malaria is caused by a parasite that is transferred by the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. The most deadly form of malaria is known as Plasmodium falciparum because almost all deaths from malaria are caused by this specific one. In addition to being the deadliest form of malaria, Plasmodium falciparum destroys red blood cells along with causing complications with the kidneys, lungs, and brain. In more serious cases, it

Located in the Kingdom Protozoan Malaria is a parasitic mosquito born organism passed to humans by several species of the genus Anopheles and is responsible for about 220 million infections every year and 600,000- 1,200,000 deaths every year. The developing world is disproportionately affected which had led to some unique changes when dealing with infections such as drugs needing to be cheap, administered orally and stable at relatively high temperatures. However in keeping with the old saying prevention is better than cure many methods have been proposed and tested to control the mosquito vector that transmits malaria as supposed to treating the infect after it occurs.

Effective malaria treatment is fraught with challenges. Resistance is seemingly around the corner for every previously superlative drug, while being deeply entrenched among those medications that a few decades ago were vital to chemotherapy. For artemisinin, the first signs of resistance were observed in a 2008 study of parasite clearance times following monotherapy with artesunate. Clearance was slower among patients from the Eastern Thai-Cambodian border than that of patients from the Thai-Myanmar border to the West (Dondorp et al., 2009). Though an alarming fact on its own, when coupled with the proportional increase of such slow-clearing infections from 0.6% in 2001 to 20% in 2010 with rates approaching 42% in Cambodia one must conclude that there is cause for alarm (Flannery et al., 2013). Resistance is not only emerging but also spreading.

The most advanced vaccine candidate against Plasmodium falciparum is RTS.S/AS01. This vaccine has shown 51% efficacy in reducing all episodes of clinical malaria in infants aged 5-17 months over 15 months in a phase 2 trial in Kenya. Based on the current trial schedule, the phase 3 trial data (expected in late 2012) required in order for WHO to consider making a policy recommendation is expected to be made available to WHO in early 2015.11

Malaria is a disease that has been known for more than 4000 years as swamp fever disease which greatly infects the human populations and human history (4). The origin of the word malaria is Italian, a reduction of mala aria, bad air, and that goes back to the belief that the disease was caused by toxic and poisonous air in the swampy regions. According to some medical terms, the first use of the word “malaria” was by Francisco Torti, an Italian physician (1658-1741) (5). Moreover, the discovery of the malaria parasite goes back to Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran, who was a French surgeon in 1880 (4).