Malaria Eradication Problem In Bangladesh

The WHO Global Malaria Programme is responsible for evidence-based policy and strategy formulation, technical assistance, capacity building, malaria surveillance, monitoring and evaluation, and coordination of global efforts to fight malaria. WHO is also a co-founder and hosts the Roll Back Malaria partnership, which is the global framework to implement coordinated action against malaria (The World Health Organization Staff, 2010). The CDC participates actively in global malaria efforts through work with the WHO, Roll Back Malaria Partners, UNICEF, and more in the fight to keep the epidemic at bay (Global Health - Division of Parasitic Diseases , 2010).

Bangladesh is a very weak and undeveloped country and has some of the worst health and nutrition data. Bangladesh is a parliamentary democracy with 6 divisions and 64 local districts. Bangladesh used to be a part of Pakistan before the turmoil in Pakistan caused Bangladesh to become its own independent country in the 1970s. Much of the nutrition, education and economy is damaged because of the swell in population growth and political issues. in 2000 the World Health Organization approximated 35 to 77 percent of the water in Bangladesh contains arsenic. However, the country has improved and education, the economy and nutrition baselines have risen closer to expected outcomes.

Malaria (also called biduoterian fever, blackwater fever, falciparum malaria, plasmodium, Quartan malaria, and tertian malaria) is one of the most infectious and most common diseases in the world. This serious, sometimes-fatal disease is caused by a parasite that is carried by a certain species of mosquito called the Anopheles. It claims more lives every year than any other transmissible disease except tuberculosis. Every year, five hundred million adults and children (around nine percent of the world’s population) contract the disease and of these, one hundred million people die. Children are more susceptible to the disease than adults, and in Africa, where ninety percent of the world’s cases occur and where eighty percent of the cases

Background - Malaria is a water borne disease. It is spread by a parasite-carrying mosquito. It kills many people and reduces a country 's capacity to develop. There are different strategies to combat malaria. Around half the population is at risk of malaria and this disease is active in 106 counties across Africa, Asian and the Americas (see source 3). the global annual mortality from malaria is between 1.5 - 3 million deaths, or between 4000 and 8000 each day. Developing countries are most vulnerable to Malaria and as shown on source 2 Malaria has been spread across many various other countries including in Europe, but these countries have eradicated Malaria.

about 207 million cases of malaria and 80% of cases of malaria in the world are in Africa. There

Bangladesh is a moderate Islamic country with about 90.2 percent Muslims, 8.2 percent Hindus, and Christians and other minorities comprising the rest 2 percent.

Malaria has been a huge problem among many developing nations over the past century. The amount of people in the entire world that die from malaria each year is between 700,000 and 2.7 million. 75% of these deaths are African children (Med. Letter on CDC & FDA, 2001). 90% of the malaria cases in the world are located in Sub-Saharan Africa. Once again, the majority of these deaths are of children (Randerson, 2002). The numbers speak for themselves. Malaria is a huge problem and needs to be dealt with immediately.

Also, human population movement from higher transmission areas jeopardizes reintroduction and resurgence in malaria-free regions, and in addition has undermined elimination works in the past. For that reason, it is important to understand the patterns of parasite dispersal in order to target control by pinpointing regions where the imported infections originate from and where they play a part in transmission.

From the beginning of human history, we, as a species, have made an extreme effort to adapt. Through famine, drought, and war, we miraculously found a way to survive 200,000 years and dominate almost every continent (Shillington 13). One of the key methods to our survival throughout history is our understanding of diseases. Though it would take us tens of thousands of years to understand exactly what diseases are, we did notice that certain areas were more likely to make people sick and that these places were to be avoided at all costs. A prime example of this is the avoidance of swamps in early Africa due to sleeping sickness. Spread by the tsetse fly, sleeping sickness is a disease fatal to humans as well as livestock. When it was noticed that these blood sucking flies rarely left swampy areas, early humans learned to avoid these them, which in turn lowered the amount of deaths cause by sleeping sickness (Shillington 26). However, not all diseases are solved simply by moving locations. In modern day Africa, one of the deadliest diseases is malaria. Being carried by mosquitos, malaria can exist almost anywhere on the continent. According the Doctor’s Without Boarders, a child in Africa dies of malaria every minute (Doctors Without Boarders). Though larger countries have the ability and resources to fight malaria, younger countries are finding difficulties eliminating this disease. One of these

Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female mosquitoes. Malaria can cause diarrhea, fatigue, pain, and vomiting.Malaria affects more people in Colombia that the United States. Malaria is one of the most serious health problem in Colombia. A lot of people in Colombia are at risk for Malaria because 85%% of the Colombian rural territory is at an altitude less than 1,600 m above sea level, which is a condition suitable for malaria transmission. In Colombia from 1990 to 1991 the number of reported cases was 2,964,818. In the United States Malaria is not a high risk disease as it was eliminated in the 1950’s. Between 1957 and 2015, in the United States, 63 outbreaks

Another example of why malaria spread more in some regions is in the example of Bengal. “Much of the area is inundated with floodwaters during the monsoon period from June to October … And in fact during the second half of the nineteenth century, the western half of this region experienced high levels of malaria morbidity and mortality (Packard, 3, 4).” Once again I think that Virchow is correct with his argument, when it has to do with Bengal. The authorities knew that every year there is a monsoon season coming, and yet there were no preparations or accommodations made for the public to protect them from multiplying mosquitos which infected and killed the population.

About 3.3 billion people, that is about half of the world’s population are at risk of contracting malaria (figure 1). Every year there are 250 million cases of malaria, and nearly 1 million deaths. That amounts to 2,732 deaths per day. Out of those million people that die every year, 800,000 of them are African children under the age of 5. To control malaria three actions need to be taken: insecticides need to be used to decrease the vector population, people have to be educated as to how to prevent the vector from reproducing, and anti-malarial drugs need to be distributed. To understand the vector and what the vector is, scientists had to first discover what the parasite was and how it worked. It was not until the year 1880 that French Physician Charles Laveran discovered that Malaria was caused by a protozoan in the genus Plasmodium (Malaria, 2013)

Bangladesh lies in the north-eastern part of the South Asia between 20°34’and 26°38’ North latitude and 88°01’ and 92°41’ East longitude. The area of the country is 14.757

Bangladesh has got a population of around 150 million (2011) with a life expectancy at birth of around 63 years, and an adult literacy rate of 47.5%. The recent Human Development

Bangladesh is a south Asian country and has an approximate population reaching 164 million. The manufacturing industry is what Bangladesh is known for. That industry also accounted for almost 12% of GDP in 2009 and 2010 with employing over four million people (The Bangladesh Accord Foundation, 2014). The labor force is made up of young, urbanizing, mainly women. Bangladesh accounts for approximately 78% total exports (The Bangladesh Accord Foundation, 2014), which is second to China.