Malaria Is A Horrible Disease

Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite. It is unique of the class of Plasmodium that is the foundation and cause malaria in individuals. There are other Plasmodium species that can cause malaria in humans. Nevertheless P. falciparum is the most common, virulent, and deadly. P. falciparum communicable by the female Anopheles mosquito.

There have been many attempts at preventing malaria, none of which have been very successful. These have usually involved protecting human beings from mosquitoes, the dreaded carriers

There are currently five distinct protozoan vertebrate Plasmodium species identified as causal agents of malaria in humans: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovalae, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi, with the most common, P. falciparum, accounting for approximately seventy percent of all cases. The female Anopheles gambiae is a vector for all plasmodia of malaria, as observed by Ronald Ross in 1897 (Nobel Media, 2014) , and acquires the Plasmodium by feeding on the blood of an already infected human. Subsequently, the Plasmodium multiplies, and migrates from the midgut of the insect to the oesophagus, ready to be regurgitated into the bloodstream when the mosquito obtains a blood meal from a human (NIH, 2017) . Ultimately, once inoculated by the

Malaria has been in existence for thousands of years. Many historical records show that it has affected human civilization greatly by plaguing and causing mass death. The earliest record can be traced back to 2700 BC in China (Cox, 2002). It has been long associated with swamps and insects for hundreds of years but often believed to be the air from swamps causing the plague. The term malaria rooted from two Italian words ‘mala’ and ‘aria’ which literally means bad air. Humanity did not know the true nature of the long thought disease until 1894 when a Scottish physician, Sir Ronald Ross, discovered that it was actually the parasite in mosquito that is causing the malaria.

Mosquitoes pass malaria to humans through their salivary glands. Once the parasites have entered the blood stream, they go to the liver. In the liver they mature and undergo reproduction, forming merozoites. These merozoites enter the blood stream and inject themselves into red blood cells. Once inside the blood cells, they reproduce rapidly and within forty-eight to seventy-two hours, the blood cell bursts, releasing hemoglobin into the blood stream. It is the destruction of these blood cells and the hemoglobin released into the blood stream that actually causes most of the symptoms.

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The pathway of malaria transmission from the mosquito to a person is detailed as after the mosquito has the parasite, the mosquito then bites the human, the parasite is released into the human, the parasite then goes to the liver and replicates itself, after replication the parasite enter the blood stream and attach to a red blood cell; the parasite is undetected by the immune system because it is attached to the red blood cells, the red blood cells is deformed from the parasite infection. The deformed red blood cell shape makes it stick to the cell membrane until it explodes and little particles from the red blood cell rushes through out the body; the cells goes through the body and enter other vitals

Malaria. Our 130 million year old enemy. Malaria has been around since the dawn of time and just like the evolution of humans, the disease evolved over time (Malaria.com, 2011). Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by a specific parasite called Plasmodium, and it is transmitted to people through the bites of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. Plasmodium is a unique parasite because of its structure-it is a single celled organism that multiples in our red blood cells (Canada.com, 2016). The Plasmodium parasite has 4 species which are known to cause the disease in humans, these being: P. Vivax, P. Falciparum, P. Ovale, and P. Malariae. Specifically, P. Vivax, and P. Falciparum are the 2 most common types of parasites to cause the

In poor countries children and pregnant women are the most affected by the disease. Africa is one of the most affected countries in the world. One reason for this is the climate. Another reason is the lack of funding. Two to three billion dollars is needed per year to fund malaria control programs. But around only two hundred million dollars is spent on malaria control by African and UN agencies. Some say that malaria could be the cause of poverty rather than the consequence. Unlike other diseases, malaria is not caused by poor hygiene or unsafe drinking water. The difficulty in controlling malaria is mainly due to climate and ecology. To get rid of malaria completely would require a well run organization and a lot of

Malaria is spread to people by the female Anopheles mosquito. Only Anopheles mosquitoes can transmit malaria. These mosquitos must have been infected through previous blood taken from an infected person. When a mosquito bites an infected person, a small amount of blood is taken and contains microscopic malaria parasites. (CDC, 2015) When the mosquito takes its next blood meal from another person a week later, the parasites will be injected. The malaria parasite is found in red blood cells of an infected person. It can be transmitted through an organ transplant, blood transfusion, or shared use of needles or syringes contaminated with blood. Malaria can also be transmitted from a mother to her unborn infant before or during delivery. This is known as congenital malaria. Malaria is not contagious in any way. It cannot be spread from person to person like a cold, and cannot be sexually transmitted. (CDC, 2015)

Malaria has been spread by various factors, from contaminated blood transfusion to mosquitos, being the leading carrier of malaria. It can have damaging effect on the human body, and with it constantly changing, the malaria protozoa becomes harder for doctors to treat. Malaria, causing as 1.2 million deaths in 2011, has had a global impact “(Mcneil 1). It is still heavily impacts people in many tropical areas (“Disease” 202). New natural remedies have been tested to attempt to combat malaria (Avasthi 1).Malaria can have a deadly impact on all types of people, including pregnant women (Gomes 1). The malaria parasite is changing to resist treatments, and doctors are researching how to defeat it (Avasthi 1). Malaria is from genus plasmodium, which

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Located in the Kingdom Protozoan Malaria is a parasitic mosquito born organism passed to humans by several species of the genus Anopheles and is responsible for about 220 million infections every year and 600,000- 1,200,000 deaths every year. The developing world is disproportionately affected which had led to some unique changes when dealing with infections such as drugs needing to be cheap, administered orally and stable at relatively high temperatures. However in keeping with the old saying prevention is better than cure many methods have been proposed and tested to control the mosquito vector that transmits malaria as supposed to treating the infect after it occurs.

Each year 350 to 500 million cases of malaria occur world-wide, and over one million people die, most of them young children.

There are four species in the Plasmodium Genus that affect humans: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae. What people did not know then, was how the protozoan got from