Male Circumcision Research Paper

China's Impact on Japan and Korea In reference to ancient times, some historians like to define East Asia as expansive cultural territories that share similar historical relations with China and that were also affected by China's political, legal, and religious stature. With, the focus will be placed on China and how it greatly impacted the formation of Korea and Japan. The first Korean states were being formed at the same time as the Han Dynasty formation and are generally organized into three-time periods by historians: the early historical period, the Three Kingdoms Period, and the Silla Dynasty.

The topic of the infant male circumcision is a controversial subject in the United States. This procedure involves a non-reversible surgical procedure that removes the prepuce, commonly called the foreskin, thus exposing the glans of the penis (Blank, et al., 2012). Currently this is considered a cosmetic procedure per surgical standards, and is performed upon the request of the parents of the newborn. The decision to have a circumcision performed is usually based upon personal, cultural, and religious factors. However, the overall view of the impact of the procedure on the newborn infant varies in our country, and has led to two conflicting camps of ideology. The pro-circumcision movement focuses on the potential health benefits gained of a circumcision, and feels it is a necessary procedure. The anti-circumcision movement claims there are no health benefits and that the procedure violates the fundamental human rights of the infant (Collier, 2012). Following extensive research, I have found that there is evidence-based proof that circumcision improves the overall health of the male newborn, with prolonged health benefits into adulthood. Circumcisions provide the health benefits of decreased rates of urinary tract infections(UTIs), reduced transmission of sexually transmitted disease, prevention of phimosis, and improved penile hygiene (Blank, et al., 2012, Marx & Lawton, 2008, Morris, Bailis, & Wiswell, 2014).

Female circumcision is based on gender oppression and degradation of women. It is the result of a patriarchal society trying to sexually control women. Women are stripped of their sexuality and their virginity is controlled until they are married. As in most patriarchal societies, marriage is essential to the economic survival of women. Therefore, in the minds of these people, the benefits gained from this operation for the girl and her family far outweigh any potential danger. They look forward to circumcision as a coming-of-age ritual, which is necessary to maintain health, virginity and family honor. Circumcised women are considered beautiful while uncircumcised women are considered ugly, unclean, and unfit for marriage. So when parents request a genital procedure for their daughter, they are only seeking to enhance their child's acceptance into their culture and assure her desirability as a wife.

According to a published report in the August 16th 2010 edition of the New York Time’s parents are choosing less and less to circumcise their new born sons. The article states instances of circumcision have declined “to just 32.5 percent in 2009 from 56 percent in 2006. The numbers are based on calculations by SDI Health, a company in Plymouth Meeting, Pa. that analyzes health care data”. Why are so many deciding to not have the elective procedure even though the rate of complication is extraordinarily low? What about the arguments for hygiene, sexual satisfaction, psychological and social concerns and, lest we dismiss, religious views?

People in Asia or European countries are often shocked to hear that circumcision is a routine operation in the USA. People from these parts of the world (where 90% are uncircumcised) suffer no bad consequences as a result of keeping their foreskins intact.

Examples of why circumcision is a pro choice, is that there is a decrease in UTI's, decrease in

Female Genital Cutting to be mutilation need to be consider because it's a big major concern to me. female circumcision and children can be die cause of infection or permanent health problems as well as severe pain and bleeding, can affect all part of the genitals, difficult

In adult men, they sometimes can get something called phimosis which is when the foreskin is tight and will not pull back. There is also paraphimosis which is when the foreskin will not go back into its normal position after being pulled back. It causes the head of the penis to swell and become painful. All of these would be reasons to remove the foreskin.

In the USA, newborn male circumcision is a very common procedure, three-quarters of American men are circumcised. Though the rate of infant circumcision has always been high in the USA, the number varies depending on the State, “Circumcision rates vary wildly across the country - from more than 80% of newborns in states including Nebraska, Iowa, Wisconsin and Kentucky, to around 20% on the West coast, according to some calculations” (Hebblethwaite, C.,2012, August 21). However, in other countries, such as The UK, rates dropped after the National Health Service (NHS) rules that circumcisions was not medically necessary, so it would not be covered. In 1948 one-third of UK men were circumcised and now about 9% of men are. On the other hand, countries

Although circumcision is thought to be one of the oldest procedures in the world, the manner in which American doctors perform it is relatively new. Unbeknownst to most modern day Americans, circumcision wasn’t widely practiced in the country until about 1910. As a matter of fact, none of our founding fathers, including Thomas Jefferson and George Washington, were circumcised! Americans tend to be dumbfounded when they learn that “about 80 percent of the world's population do not practice circumcision, nor have they ever done so.” (Wallerstein) We are, in

The results of this study show that after 2 years there was a 53% less change of acquiring HIV in the circumcised males. (Science Daily, 2007) This study does not seem valid to me due to the fact that the age gap is very wide, the sexual practice and preference were not stated, doesn’t include number of partners, whether sex was protected or unprotected, and doesn’t state whether these men were sharing needles if using drugs. There were several other studies conducted that showed an increase in risk of STD’s with uncircumcised males and I also question the validity of these studies due to the same questionable variables in the HIV studies.

American novelist and short story writer Ernest Hemingway was one of the most distinguished writers in the twentieth century. Hemingway was brought up in an upper middle class family. His father was a physician and an avid sportsman who enjoyed hunting and fishing. In hopes of having his son develop the same interest in the great outdoors, young Hemingway’s father got his son a fishing rod at the age of two and his first gun at ten years old. As Ernest matured both socially and intellectually, his mother encouraged his creativity; she wanted him to enjoy life. Although Ernest’s writing style was described as ‘seamy’ and never approved by his mother, both his father’s and mother’s role in raising him shaped the kind of written he would later

What Allah had stated for us to do, for us to oblige, would surely benefit for us as well. Allah will never ask us to do something that will not have any way affiliated to our own benefits. Everything He asks us to do is something that will help us in our life too, to lead a better life. So we should believe that also applies in circumcision, as it is an apparent issue in races, ethics and religion. Usually the males are the ones that have issues with this. Believe it or not, male circumcision still remains as a hot debate topic among medical experts in the field of medical expertise. Medical experts have different opinions on circumcision, but removing your foreskin would surely cause something to your body. As Islam preached to us to do circumcision,

Applying Calorimetry to Determine the Enthalpy Change for the Dissolution of a Salt Calorimetry is the measurement of the amount of thermal energy that is released or absorbed in a reaction and is used to determine enthalpy change. Calorimetry also plays a significant role in daily life as it controls metabolic rates, and maintains body temperature. (Calorimetry, 2016). Enthalpy change is valid on a daily basis, for example ice melting is an endothermic reaction. Heat is added to the ice cube, which causes the water molecules to move around faster and for the ice to melt.

Many people become outraged at the thought of females being circumcised, but are okay with circumcising males. The double standard in America is astonishing. While other developed countries are trying to out this barbaric procedure and recommending parents leave their babies intact, the U.S is still promoting this outdated and unnecessary surgery. There are no medical organizations in the world that recommend routinely circumcising all infant males. The Canadian pediatric society states “The CPS does not recommend the routine circumcision of every newborn male (Canadian paediatric). The Royal Australasian College of Physicians’ state: “After reviewing the currently available evidence, the RACP believes that the frequency of diseases modifiable by circumcision, the level of protection offered by circumcision and the complication rates of circumcision do not warrant routine infant circumcision in Australia and New Zealand.” () There is currently no