Male Versus Female: Leadership Stype Essay

According to Sullivan and Decker (1997) transactional leadership is a traditional, goal oriented type of leadership based on the social exchange theory. Work is exchanged for rewards in

Great inequalities in the educational system between the sexes have occurred for many years and still occur today. Efforts have been made to rectify this disparity, but the one that has made the most difference is Title IX. Passed in 1972, Title IX attempted to correct the gender discrimination in educational systems receiving public funding. The greatest correction it made was in the area of athletics, but social justice of Title IX applies to many other areas as well. Title IX has an effect on women who are not athletes in many ways, including quality of education, receptivity to education, empowerment and creation of ideals.

The Affirmative Action Policies of 1965 were extended to cover discrimination based on sex; this allowed women to have the same employment and educational opportunities as men. Congress passed title IX of the education amendments, which stated that schools receiving federal funds were required to provide equal access to educational programs regardless of their gender (“Women’s rights timeline”, n.d.). These laws were significant because it allowed women to attain their education without oppression, which allowed women to be able to work in skilled

Title IX, enacted in 1972, requires all entities receiving federal funds to provide equal opportunities to both genders. A Title IX complaint was filed against Chico Unified, and the OCR made several allegations of non-compliance.

Since Title IX, women have had incredible career opportunities and have been diversifying the workplace since receiving the education that was not offered before ("Career”). Women are constantly breaking boundaries set in the past as now many women make up the fields of career and study that were thought to only be for men (Musil). In a 2006 study researchers found that women made up thirty three percent of lawyers and also made up twenty seven percent of doctors ranging from pediatrics, general family medicine, or internal medicine practice (Musil). Title IX specifically states that schools are not allowed to shut down courses or refuse courses to women legally if they receive federal funding from the government.

Title IX was established in 1972 as a law that “prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex”(Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972). It can also be states as a law that, “requires gender equity for boys and girls in every educational program that receives federal funding”(History). The ten specific areas of educational programs that the law covers are Access to Higher Education, Career Education, Education for Pregnant and Parenting Students, Employment, Learning Environment, Math and Science, Sexual Harassment, Standardized Testing and Technology, and lastly Athletics. The purpose of the law is to give equal opportunities to both males and females in each of these areas. However, the main focus of this law tends to be ensuring that

Question 1. In the Newsweek essay “Still Learning from My Mother,” Cliff Schneider talks about life lessons he still learns from his 79-year-old mother. Schneider vividly describes his mother in her youth as being very gracious but also very competitive and great at sports. As the years go by his mom grows old and slowly realizes that she is not as physically young as she once was. Title IX prohibits sex discrimination in any educational program or activity receiving any type of federal financial aid. The tone of the atmosphere was funny, and inspiring, because no matter how old the lady was she still wanted to tact young.

When it comes to Title IX most people just think of it as something that lets women play sports, or they just don’t know what it means. According The United States Department of Justice website, the definition of Title IX is “a comprehensive federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity. The principal objective of Title IX is to avoid the use of federal money to support sex discrimination in education programs and to provide individual citizens effective protection against those practices.” It also mentions that Title IX applies to the traditional educational institutions like colleges, schools and universities, but it also applies to and education and training program operated by the use of federal finances. ("Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972.") The Title IX law came into effect when the president signed it and made it a law on June 23 1972. ("Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972.") Title IX is a law that allows both genders to have equal opportunities when it comes to things like education, sports, and financial aid. Before Title IX women did not go to college or have a chance to go to college. Culture just expected women to stay home and not care about education. Title IX allows women the opportunity to further their education and go into jobs that are mostly run by men. ("10 Key Areas of Title IX.") The Title IX law intended for equal opportunity for men and woman and to avoid

“Transactional leadership is a style of leadership focused on contingent rewards of followers” (McGuire & Kennerly, 2006, p.180). Goals are set, directions are given, and rewards are used to reinforce employee behaviors associated with meeting or exceeding established goals. Followers are manipulated and controlled with rewards of praise and recognition, merit raises, and promotions, which can be given or withheld according to the employee’s performance. The outcome of such behavior is enhanced role clarity, job satisfaction and improved performance (McGuire & Kennerly, 2006).

Transactional Leadership was first described by Max Weber in 1947 and re-described by Bernard Bass in 1981. Recognized a traditional leadership, it focuses on the role of supervision, organization and group performance. Transactional leaders use an exchange model; they promote compliance of followers through both rewards and punishments. Not looking to change the future, transactional leaders are trying to keep everything the same (Odumeru & Ogbonna, 2013).

In 1973 an education amendment referred to as Title IX was legislated. Although, males and females have experiences that are not similar when it comes to education; the purpose behind this amendment was to eliminate discrepancies in education as it related to gender. When comparing a male’s educational experience to a female’s, beginning with their earliest exposure, and into their professional lives, males has historically taken the “cake” when it comes to receiving advice and mentoring support. In other words, the male gender is provided extra feedback on their performance, more often than females. However, not all of this feedback has been positive. Often times it includes being reprimanded for actions that went against the rules. In addition,

In her testimony before the New York City Commission on Human Rights, Bernice Sandler delivered an evidence-based account of sex discrimination at all levels of higher educational institutions. At the time, no laws had been enacted to prohibit discrimination in education. At the start of Sandler’s fight against employment bias, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 had yet to be amended to cover academic institutions and to forbid sex discrimination in employment. A crucial element of this was for it to apply to – upon amendment – all universities regardless of their type (public or private) and federal funding status. This act also created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commissioned to enforce Title VII. The act’s specific exclusion

Throughout the history of the United States, gender bias has been and still is an immense concern. Women have been at the forefront of such prejudice. For several centuries, women have battled for equity in their everyday lives, academically, and professionally. The push for justice has been a slow process, with incremental gains.

Women have pushed forward in the struggle for equality. Today women are staples in the professional world. More women are attending college than men as proved in recent studies. Women have outnumbered men on college campuses since 1979, and on graduate school campuses since 1984. More American women than men have received bachelor's degrees every year since 1982. Even here on Haverford's campus, the Admissions Office received more applications from women for early decision candidacy than men for the eighth straight year. The wage gap is slowly decreasing and the fight for proper day care services along with insurance coverage for birth control pills are passionate issues for women across America.

In 2015, students enrolled in the Street Law course at San Jose City College, decided to charter a student organization called The Law Society. Women outnumbered men in the group and yet one male member decided he would be president. When I objected, stressing the need for female leadership, the members agreed to vote. One young mother ran against a young father. The two agreed to give a speech, so members could vote on who they believed was the best candidate.