Management Accounting : Planning And Performance Management Systems

5. Determine the necessary sales in unit and dollars to break-even or attain desired profit using the break-even formula.

Hilton, R. (2011). Managerial accounting: Creating value in a dynamic business environment (9th Ed.). McGraw-Hill. Hardcover ISBN: 9780073526928.

Folk, M., J., Garrsion, H., R., & Noreen, W., E., (2002). Introduction to Managerial Accounting. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

S., & Hassan, M. K. (2012). The domination of financial accounting on managerial Commerce & Management, 22(4), 306-327. doi:10.1108/10569211211284502

Critically examine the above statements by analysing the contribution of traditional management accounting techniques in an organisation, the necessity for modern management accounting techniques and the role of accountants in the implementation of the modern management accounting techniques in an organisation.

Garrison, R., Noreen, E., & Brewer, P. (2015). Managerial accounting (Fifteenth ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

I interviewed a family friend who has several years of accounting experience under his belt, having done accounting for industries in the past such as the oil industry, the food produce industry, and construction industry. During our conversation we went over a few of the techniques used in managerial accounting. Such as budgeting, variances, cost volume product, and activity based costing.

Rothschild, J. M., Lee, T. H., Bae, T., and others. "Survey of Physicians' Experience Using a Handheld Drug Reference Guide." (Presented at AMIA 2000 Annual Symposium). American Medical Informatics Association, Los Angeles, California, March 2000.

This article is useful to my study because the article addresses similar problems in some aspects which I am studying in accounting theory subject. That is the management accounting innovation. The article helps me understand the reasons which will change the accounting practice could be from the inside organization where the role of accountants increase. At this point, I improve my understanding about what is the distinction between accounting history and current accounting and explaining why accounting theory needs to be changed in relation to a change in other subjects.

Edmonds, T. P., Tsay, B., & Olds, P. R. (2011). Fundamental managerial accounting concepts (6th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Bhimani, A., Horngren, C., Datar, S., Rajan, M. et al. (2012) Management and Cost Accounting. 5th ed. Edinburgh: Prentice Hall, p.369 - 378.

In fact, many of these PMS tools and technological innovations were transformed based on those traditional ones to better meet the organisation needs in the contemporary era. More than 30 popular cost and management accounting techniques have been introduced since 1950 (Refer to Table1). Abdel and Luther (2006) described that the most notable innovative management accounting techniques are Activity based costing (ABC), strategic management accounting and the BSC. Among all the modern management accounting tools and techniques, this paper focuses on BSC as a performance measurement system and will be discussed in the next section.

C. T. Horngren, A. Bhimani, S. M. Datar, G. Foster (2005), 'Activity-Based Costing', Management and Cost Accounting (Prentice Hall Europe), 345-363

The role of management accounting “involves partnering in management decision-making, devising planning and performance management systems … to assist [the needs of managers] in the formulation and implementation of an organisation’s strategy.” (IMA, 2014)

The Burns and Scapens framework for analyzing managerial accounting change was built on the study of old institutional economics, which sees "economics as a process of social provision, subject to multiple and cumulative causation." This view culminates in a model that argues that the managerial accounting practices at institutions are subject to a process of constant change, influenced by routines and rules. The institutions contribute to these routines and rules, but so do actions on the part of managers within the institutions. By combining multiple influences over time, we arrive at modern managerial accounting practice. In other words, Burns and Scapens tells us that managerial accounting practice changes over time, influenced by a number of factors including rules, routines and actions.